The input in the ration of lactating cows feed additives: yeast (10 g/head.), Glauconite adsorbent (75 mg/kg of live weight) and probiotic in Vetom 1 (2,5 g/head/day), has positively affected the rumenal digestion, increasing the concentration of ammonia by 30,9 %, protein nitrogen by 15,4 %, the number of infusoria by 1,9 times. Separate use of Glauconite adsorbent and probiotic Vetom 1 has increased the content of protein nitrogen in the rumen chyme by 30,8 % and the number of infusoria. However, Glauconite has reduced the concentration of ammonia in the chyme by 23,1 %, but Vetom 1 has contributed to its increase by 39,7 %. However, this will reduce the overall level of volatile fatty acids by 16,1 %. Complex ruminator-probiotic additive with sorption effect has allowed to activate protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in animals, to increase the content of total protein in blood serum by 5,2 %, total lipids by 7,4 %, beta-lipoproteins by 20,8 %, glucose by 9,9 %, as well as iron and phosphorus. As a result the productivity of animals of the 4th experimental group was higher by 13,5 %, the mass fraction of fat in milk by 0,13 %. The calculation of feed expenditures per unit of production has been shown that if in the 1st control group and in the 2nd experimental group they amounted to 0,88-0,89 EFU and 78 g of digestible protein, in the 3rd group they decreased by 1,2 %, in the 4th experimental group by 7,0 %.

Optimization of the diet of animals taking into account biogeochemical provinces is important in the issue of their complete feeding, especially in the first months of postnatal development. There is a shortage of nutrients such as manganese, cobalt, iodine, zinc and copper in feed most often in the Ural region. The purpose of the research was to compare the influence of the phytomineral complex Vitafit with biogenic elements and the amylolytic enzyme Glucolyux F when they were included in the diet of calves in the preweaning period of rearing. The inclusion in the diet of calves of the phytomineral complex Vitafit with biogenic elements from alfalfa hay containing mineral salts of manganese, copper, cobalt, zinc and iodine at a dose of 100 ml/head/day, as well as the enzyme Glucolux F at the rate of 0,50 kg/t of compound feed with their separate use had a less noticeable influence on digestibility nutrients of the diet in comparison with their complex feeding. Which allowed to increase the digestibility of crude protein by 3,35 abs.%, fat by 3,02, fiber by 6,35 and nitrogen-free extractive substances by by 1,81 abs.% in comparison with analogues of the control group. In the body of calves in the group with the combined use of the phytomineral complex and the enzyme, nitrogen deposition was higher by 14,2 %, and calcium and phosphorus, respectively, by 12,7 and 16,7 %. Higher retention of nutrients in the diet of calves with the combined use of the phytomineral complex and the enzyme increased the absolute gain in live weight of calves by 6,3 %, while with when they were fed separately, the increase did not exceed 3,1 and 4,2 %. A higher live weight of calves in the group with a complex additive reduced expenditures of feed per unit of increase by 0,5–4,6 %, with one phytomineral complex it was by 1,2–1,8 %, with an amylolytic enzyme by 1,9–3,1 %.

The addition to the main diet of sows of additional trace elements (copper, zinc, cobalt, manganese) 10–50 mg/kg of live weight, vitamin B₉ (folic acid) 35 mg/head. and Hexavit 196 mg/ head/day is the most effective in comparison with its use during the last third of pregnancy. The highest effect was obtained of all the compared groups when using a combination of trace elements with Hexavit and all the studied additives together. At the same time, the cobalt content in the blood of sows of these groups has been decreased by 3,3 and 5,0 times, and manganese by 2 times. In the first half of pregnancy, the addition of folic acid against the background of trace elements in the diet of sows had a more positive effect on individual indicators of metabolic metabolism in comparison with other groups. However, in the last third of pregnancy, the best results were observed in the group with Hexavit: the total protein content increased by 3,8 %, urea decreased by 57,6 (P ≤ 0,001), glucose increased by 25,1 %. The feed additive of trace elements and folic acid in the diet of sows in comparison with the control group increased the total number of piglets in the litter by 10,2 %, trace elements and Hexavit by 22,0, with their total use by 18,6 % (P ≥ 0,05), and the number of live piglets by 7,1 %, 9,1 and 15,2 %, respectively. At the same time, the consumption of compound feed, energy and protein per piglet decreased by 6,6 %, 16,1 and 13,2 %, respectively. The use of vitamin and mineral additives with Hexavit in the diet of sows in the last third of pregnancy, as well as with the addition of folic acid, increased the number of newborn piglets by 6,3 %, and live piglets by 2,6 and 1,8 %, respectively. Folic acid alone with trace elements did not have the positive effect on the reproductive traits of sows.

Productivity and livability of poultry largely depends on the metabolism and the immune system. Feed additives used in poultry diets can have a significant impact on the power of the immune system. The addition to the basic ration of broiler chickens Tocsfin in an amount of 0,11% and Probitocs in a dose of 0,10% by weight of complete feed had not the same effect on the course of metabolic processes in the body. The most pronounced anabolic metabolism character has been marked in the group in addition of Probitocs. It was characterized by an increase in the blood of poultry content of hemoglobin by 22,3% at 28 days and 3,7% at the age of 39 days, the total protein content by 6,6 and 11,7%, glucose by 3,2 and 24,8%, total lipids by 7,9 and 18,6%, β-lipoprotein by 71,6 and 12,6%. However feed additive Tocsfin in the diet of broilers provided the highest titer of antibodies to infectious bursal disease, which in comparison with the control group at the age of 39 days was 3,0 times higher, to infectious bronchitis by 1,8 times, Probitocs has provided the difference in 2,4 and 1,5, respectively. At 4 days of age the highest antibody titer to Newcastle disease when diluted 1 : 64 was observed in the III trial group with Probitoсs feed additive, in the control and the II trial group with addition Tocsfin – 1 :

128. At 39 days age the maximum titer at 1 : 64 dilution occurred in the group with the feed additive Tocsfin in the control group and feed additive Probitocs – 1 : 32, which provided 60,0 and 50,0 percent protection of birds, respectively. During the period of rearing and fattening of broiler chickens in the control group and with the addition of Tocsfin at the same feed expenses rate of absolute weight gain of poultry 2157,47 g and 2145,94 g has been obtained, in the group with the addition of Probitocs 2305,25 g or 6,8% higher that reduced the cost of feed by 6,4%.

In order to prevent and maintain the normoflora in the gastrointestinal tract of poultry in the composition of compound feed include various biologically active additives that reduce the pressure of environmental factors on the body. Such additives include a wide range of pre- and probiotics, vitamins, mineral complexes. The purpose of the research was to compare the effectiveness of the use of probiotic feed additives in the diet of replacement young poultry of meat productivity. The tasks of the research were to analyze the dynamics of growth of livestock, its livability, homogeneity of the group, the development of genitals and expenditures of feed for the rearing of replacement chickens and cockerels. The use of the probiotics Levisel SB Plus and Cellobacterin-T in the diet of replacement young poultry at a dose of 0,50 kg/t of compound feed in the period from 3 to 45 days allowed to time of transfer of chickens in parent stock to increase the absolute live weight gain by 4,4 and 2,0 %, to increase the livability of livestock by 0,6 and 0,4 %, yeild of pullet crop by 1,1 and 1,9 %, respectively, Live weight of cockerels that have received probiotic Levisel SB Plus at the age of 147 days exceeded the control group by 2,2 %, and in group has been receiving probiotic Cellobacterin-T it was lower by 1,1 %. At the same time, the livability of the livestock in the groups have been receiving probiotic was higher by 5,1 %, the homogeneity of the group by 0,6–1,9 %. The use of probiotics contributed to an increase in poultry excrements of lacto- and bifidobacteria, a decrease in the group of enterococci and conditionally pathogenic. Probiotics have stimulated in chickens development of organs of ovogenesis, in cockerels of testess. The use of probiotic Levisel SB Plus in the initial period of postnatal development in poultry helped to reduce the expenditures of feed on the rearing of chickens by 1,0 %, cockerels by 1,3 %, and the probiotic Cellobacterin-T, respectively, 7,4 and 10,6 %.

Normalization of the bacterial background of the gastrointestinal tract and the reaction of the environment largely contributes to the growth and development of poultry in accordance with the standard of cross. The addition of the prebiotic Salmocil F to the diet of replacement young poultry at the dose of 0,6 kg, 0,8 and 1,0 kg/t of compound feed allowed the poultry to grow to 18 weeks of age with a live weight of 1836,2 kg, 1915,4 and 1885,0 kg, respectively, which was higher than the control group by 0,7 %, 5,0 and 3,3 %, and the uniformity of the group by 8,0–9,0 %. The prebiotic Salmocil F contributed to the better development of the replacement young poultry such as muscularization of the pectoral muscle, its tone and physical shape. The prebiotic Salmocil F excluded the reason for the culling of poultry in the experimental group for toxicosis and intestinal intussusception, increasing the livability of livestock in the experimental group with the low dosage by 3,0 %, with medium and high by 4,0 %. The low dose of prebiotic in the diet of poultry of the 2nd experimental group in comparison with the 1st control group reduced expenditures of feed by 5,5 %, the average rate of input in the 3rd experimental group by 6,7 %, the high dose in the diet of chicks of the 4th experimental group by 6,1 %. The feed-conversion efficiency for receiving replacement young poultry per each 100 kg of feed fed in the group with the dosage of 0,6 kg in comparison with the control group was higher by 6,0 %, with the increase to 0,8 kg by 7,2 and with the addition of 1,0 kg/t of feed by 4,1 %, and in value terms by 5,4 %, 6,5 and 5,6 %, respectively. More optimal is the dosage of 0,8 kg of the prebiotic Salmocil F per 1 ton of compound feed.

The purpose of the research was to analyze the immune status of the body of the replacement young chickens and laying hens of the parental herd when using feed additives Sorbitox and Probitox in the diet. During the experiment complex feed additives Sorbitox and Probitox at a dose of 0,50 kg/t of feed were used in the diet of replacement young chickens and laying hens. During the period of rearing of the replacement young chickens and the productive cycle of laying hens the livability of livestock with the additive Sorbitox increased by 1,4 abs.%, with Probitox by 6,9 abs.%. Both feed additives increased the titer of antibodies to Newcastle disease and Gumboro disease in comparison with the control group of poultry. An increase in the titer of antibodies to both diseases was observed in the poultry body by the age of 154–174 days, followed by a decrease during the entire productive cycle in laying hens. At the same time, if there were no significant differences in the Sorbitox supplemented group, then in the Probitox supplemented group the titer was higher at the age of 174 days by 43,8 % (p ≤ 0,01), at 271 days by 63,2 % (p ≤ 0,001), at 379 days by 54,1 % (p ≤ 0,01). The calculation of feed expenditures for the rearing of one head of replacement young chickens with the additive Sorbitox in compound feed showed that they decreased by 6,9 %, and with the additive Probitox by 12,8 %. In laying hens due to the difference in egg productivity feed expenditures for every 10 eggs when using the additive Sorbitox decreased by 4,4 %, and with Probitox by 10,0 %. Thus, the advantage of the additive Probitox in comparison with Sorbitox has been established.

Currently, much attention is paid to various groups of bacterial cultures that are used in poultry farming in the form of mono-additives or in combination with biologically active substances. The purpose of the research was to compare the productivity of rearing of replacement chicks and laying hens of the parental herd and the use of probiotic feed additives Levisel SB Plus and Cellobacterin-T in their diet. The researches have been performed under conditions LLC “Ravis – poultry farm Sosnovskaya” in the Troitsky district in the Chelyabinsk region on the cross of poultry “ISA-Hubbard-F15”. The research has made it possible to expand the theoretical understanding of the periodic use of probiotic feed additives in the diet of egg productivity poultry. The addition of probiotics with their periodic inclusion in the diet has a positive infl uence on the egg production of poultry throughout the productive cycle with a noticeable superiority of Cellobacterin-T over Levisel SB Plus. The inclusion of the probiotic Cellobacterin-T in the diet of replacement chicks and laying hens at a dosage of 0,50 kg/t of complete feed allows us to enhance the homogeneity of the group in the period of rearing of replacement chicks, and its inclusion in the diet of laying hens has increased egg production by 9,2 %, the hatching rate by 2,2 %, the livability of poultry by 1,9 %, profi tability of production 7,6 %. Therefore, it is economically advantageous to use probiotic feed additives in the diet of laying hens of the parental herd not during the entire productive cycle, but during the most stressful periods associated with preparing the poultry for egg laying, at peak and when it decreases.

The purpose of the research was to study the growth and development of the replacement young chickens of the parent herd of meat production and compare the effectiveness of the use of two complex feed additives Sorbitox and Probitox. When rearing the replacement young chickens of the cross Ross-308, the use of feed additive Sorbitox at a dose of 0,50 kg/t of feed made it possible to obtain in comparison with the control group the livability of livestock higher by 1,5 abs.%, with a similar dosage of Probitox additive by 2,1 abs.%. Analysis of the causes of culling of the replacement young chickens showed that the use of Sorbitox and Probitox additives reduced culling after two weeks of age, while in the control group it was observed throughout the entire rearing period. The average live weight of poultry of the control and experimental groups at 18 weeks of age had no significant differences, but at the same time the uniformity of the group with Probitox additive exceeded the control by 8,7 abs.%, with Sorbitox by 5,3 abs.%. Analysis of the development of the main organs and departments of the gastrointestinal tract showed that the studied feed additives stimulated the development of the liver, heart, muscular stomach, intestines. The weight of the ovary and the length of the oviducts in the group of chickens receiving Sorbitox exceeded the control group by 20,3 and 9,7 %, with Probitox the difference was 27,8 and 11,4 %. Feed additives of sorption and probiotic action in the body of poultry stimulated metabolism of an anabolic nature. In the blood of the chickens receiving Sorbitox, the total protein was by 4,5 % higher than the control group, with Probitox by 5,6 %. At the same time, the level of urea decreased by 26,0 and 33,1 %. The highest glucose content was in the blood of poultry receiving Probitox additive (12,5 mmol/l), which exceeded the control group by 20,7 %, in the group with Sorbitox the difference was 7,3 %. The tested feed additives contributed to a greater retention of calcium in the poultry body, and also reduced expenditures of feed for rearing replacement young chickens. The use of Sorbitox additive reduced expenditures of feed by 6,9 %, and Probitox by 12,8 %.

In the Republic of Kazakhstan over the past decade positive changes have been observed in increasing the number of farm animals, increasing their productivity, and increasing the gross production of milk, meat and other products. At the same time the development of dairy cattle breeding is mainly due to the breeding of Black-and-White, Red Steppe, Simmental breeds and their intra-breed types as well as imported from abroad Holstein breed. The purpose of the research was to analyze ways to improve the intra-breed type Karatomar of Black-and-White breed in Northern Kazakhstan. Research work has been carried out on breeding animals such as Karatomar type cattle of Black-and-White breed in LLP “Experimental farm Zarechnoe” in the Kostanay district in the Kostanay region. The dynamics of growth and development indicators, reproductive traits of heifers of a new intra-breed type Karatomar of Black-and-White cattle have been studied. A comprehensive assessment of their economically useful traits in the first lactation, determined by the resistance of animals to climatic and forage conditions, the efficiency of breeding of animals of different genotypes has been conducted. It has been found that the replacement heifers – daughters of American breeding sires inherited precocity and showed higher growth energy after 6 months of age and continued to grow rapidly until 18 months. The advantage in metabolism was in the daughters of Holstein sires of the American selection Orbit 4078, and the increased immune status of the organism in the daughters of the sire of the domestic selection Yamal 975 as the most adapted to the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The best ability to increasing the milk yield, stable lactation activity, high milk productivity, gross content of dry matter and nonfat milk solids have been characterized by the daughters of sires of the American selection Orbit 4078 and Lowrider 4129. Analysis of economic indicators of milk production has been shown that from cows – daughters of sires Orbit 4078 and Lowrider 4129 for 305 days of lactation received 15,8 and 15,2 % more milk of base fat, the expenditures of EFU per 1 kg of production was lower by 10,2 and 5,9 %. A higher level of profitability has been observed in the group of daughters of the sires Orbit 4078 – 35,5 % and Lowrider 4129 – 33,1 %, which was 8,5 and 10,8 % higher than in the group of daughters of the sire Yamal 975.