The article analyzes the structure of involuntary hospitalization of persons suffering from mental disorders to Orel regional psychiatric hospital since the moment the Law of the Russian Federation «On Psychiatric Care and Guarantees of Citizens’ Rights during Its Provision» (for the period 1993–2016) came into effect. The nosological features of the groups of patients admitted for treatment in Orel Regional Psychiatric Hospital according to the paragraphs «а», «b», «v» of article 29 of this Law are considered. Dominance of mentally ill patients with schizophrenia in the structure of involuntary hospitalization was revealed.
The clinical, epidemiological, psychiatric and psychological study of phenomenological features and adaptation as well as neurotic disorders in persons under conditions of high psychophysical stress was carried out. Some personal peculiarities and certain factors that have a negative impact on the development of sustainable maladaptive states were identified.
Identification of the clinical features, that are characteristic of suicidal behavior, allows to determine the risk group for which preventive measures can be carried out. According to the results of our study, anxiety is the most common sign of suicidal behavior among medical students. Less frequently, students with suicidal behavior encountered autochthonous mood disorders and asthenic disorders. The combination of the above mentioned symptoms in our opinion increases the risk of suicidal behavior. Identifying students of disorders, which are characteristic of suicidal behavior, and their further direction to a specialized medical office is an effective way to prevent suicidal behavior.
The article presents theoretical data on the causes of psychological infertility in women; analyzes intrapersonal conflicts as a source of problems of this kind arising in married couples; the primary groups of factors (intrapersonal and intrafamily problems) affecting psychological infertility are considered; psychological characteristics of the individual, emotional state as the secondary factors of psychological infertility in women are studied.
The wide prevalence of cognitive deficits among patients with hypertension determines the relevance of studying not only traditional cardiovascular risk factors, but also risk factors for other diseases associated with hypertension. 200 patients with hypertension with and without risk factors were examined for chronic kidney disease. It is shown that for patients with a cumulative risk factor for hypertension and CKD, the risk of cognitive deficit is higher by 1.46 times or more, the degree of decline in active attention, speed of mental performance, and oral-aural memory is more pronounced than in patients with hypertension only.
The article presents theoretical data on the psychological state of women diagnosed with «psychological infertility»; describes the psychotherapeutic program for clients of this group; analyzes the experience of its application and the results of diagnosis before and after psychotherapeutic sessions.
The main manifestations of post-stroke neurological disorders causing disability of patients are motor and speech deficits. The functions that are most effectively damaged as a result of acute cerebrovascular accidents are restored in the first 3 months. Modern rehabilitation techniques for locomotor system contribute to an increase in tolerance to physical exertion, an increase in muscle strength and a decrease in spasticity, which ultimately reduces the proportion of patients who are dependent on outside help.
Ischemic/metabolic preconditioning is a promising method which increases cell resistance to the damaging effects of ischemia, hypoxia, reperfusion, and injury. However, exposure of patients to trial preterminal episodes of intermittent myocardial or brain ischemia with the aim of training can carry high risks of dysfunction development in the target organs for preconditioning. Thus, long-term preconditioning could be ineffective. Hypothermia, if induced with sufficient depth and duration of temperature reduction from the tissues, triggers intracellular signaling cascades. These reactions confer a cytoprotective phenotype and have common mechanisms of development, which are typical for ischemic/hypoxic preconditioning. Further examination of controlled therapeutic hypothermia, considering effects of metabolic preconditioning, will significantly expand the scope of its application and will allow its application in various methodological options.
Treatment of glial tumors remains one of the urgent problems of modern medicine. Despite the progress achieved in neuro-oncology, the use of new developments and technologies in neurosurgery, the mortality rate from these tumors remains at a high enough level. A high incidence rate is observed in children, half of the patients develop relapses, and treatment approaches remain controversial to date, and therefore it is necessary to search for new therapeutic technologies to improve the results of treatment of patients with glial tumors, which will allow applying advanced achievements in neurosurgical practice.
This work is devoted to endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal approach to chiasmatic-sellar region for pituitary adenomas removal. Fifty seven patients with pituitary adenomas have been consecutively operated from July, 2014 to January, 2018. In all cases there were pituitary adenomas. The group of operated patients included patients with adenoma with supra- and endosellar growth. No tumor recurrence was observed. Endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal access allows you to fully visualize the anatomical structures of the chiasmatic region, allows you to perform a wide trephination of the main sinus, and this, respectively, increases the radical nature of tumor removal. An analysis of the complications is given. This technique allows neurosurgeons to prevent errors and complications that may occur when performing other accesses to the chiasmatic region.
The paper presents an analysis of world literature on the possibility of performing endoscopic transnasal repair of cerebrospinal fluid fistulas of the central and anterior skull base associated with the formation of meningoencephalocele in adult patients. In addition to the traumatic genesis, meningoencephalocele may form spontaneously. Bone defects in lateral sphenoid sinus are one of the most difficult repairs for surgical closure. Only the emergence of modern endoscopy and the development of complex advanced accesses made it possible to close defects with transnasal access.
