The United States of America has traditionally been one of the largest importers of direct capital investment. The United States views foreign investment as one of the key factors in the country’s economic growth. At the same time, due to the dispersion of challenges and threats to American global leadership, the interpretation of US national security is qualitatively expanding. The United States is trying to maintain a balance between openness to foreign direct investment and national security objectives. The article analyzes the activities of the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States. The evolution of legislation concerning the activities of CFIUS is examined as approaches to national security issues change. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the Law «Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act of 2018». The emergence of this law (it was put forward on a bipartisan basis) indicates the strengthening of supporters of stricter regulation of FDI. The extension of the control functions of the United States Committee on Foreign Investment is clearly visible.

One of the key themes in the current debate on the future of European integration is its relationship with crises. From the perspective of integration "from above", the renewed importance of European crisis rhetoric can be explained by the efforts of supranational bodies (in particular, the European Commission) to place the most sensitive issues in the dominant narrative in order to acquire competences where, under market conditions, there would be no prerequisites for the transfer of powers. One such area is the common policy on foreign direct investment (FDI). The paradigm of the European integration project that has emerged over the past fifteen years shows that the EU’s adaptation to crises occurs through situational management, which cannot be considered the best strategy, but has its results. In the debate on FDI competences, intergovernmental negotiations have not been successful, however, thanks to supranational entrepreneurship and the elevation of geopolitical struggle to the level of supranational politics, part of this area is now controlled at the EU level. By transforming external challenges into internal threats to European integration, the EU supranational bodies create "integration moments" to overcome disagreements between member states and the European integration project’s own crisis. In this article, we present four such crises: the global financial crisis, the crisis of global governance, the crisis of global value chains, and the aggravation of the situation around Ukraine after 2022, which were used by the EU supranational bodies as "existential threats" to the common European project and served as triggers for deepening integration in foreign direct investment.

The article analyzes the development of the European project of Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO), defence and economic cooperation of the EU countries within the project, contradictions between the concept of a multi-speed Europe and the unanimity rule in the European defence policy. As a result of the analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that within the PESCO project, European countries are more focused on national military programs than on the agreed supranational priorities for the creation of weapons systems. However, recently, the implementation of some military programs within the project indicate a desire to comply with supranational priorities for the implementation of military programs. In addition, the fact was revealed that high-tech weapons systems with multi-year funding programs and long construction periods can be implemented, almost, only by two countries in the European Union that have the political will and large defence-economic potential, which indicates the long-term nature of the defence-economic integration of the EU countries and the desire of the EU countries to use different approaches (not only within the PESCO framework) in achieving the goal of the EU Defence Union.

This article presents the author’s reflections on the role and place of the phenomenon of peasantry as an actor in preserving and strengthening food and national security. Civilizational methodological toolset is in the basis of this research approach when writing a work. The peasant mentality, determined by the unique historical, social and economic conditions of the peasant life, is considered as a complex and multi aspect phenomenon. The characteristics of the Russian peasant archetype are given. It is shown that all these archetypal features correlate with ideas about traditional values. The conclusion explains that peasantry is axiologically in the focus of resistance to globalization processes, which means that again, as in all historic periods of trial, it is in the very frontier of the fight for sovereignization. Special attention is paid to the need to restore in scientific discourse the «peasantry» category, which was being tried to replace with obscure pseudo-demographic «euphemisms» (population of rural areas, etc.) for the entire post-reform period. The author also draws attention to the validity and expediency of incorporating a thoughtful study of the peasant worldview component into a multi-level educational process.

The article considers the main directions of solving the problem of food security through ensuring the diversification of the rural economy and the implementation of the principle of a multi-sectoral structure of the rural economy. Based on the analysis of current scientific and methodological literature, the definition of a number of concepts has been clarified and formulated: among them: rural territory, local economy, diversification of the rural economy, multi-sectoral structure of the rural economy, strategic sustainability of rural territories, etc. Based on the analysis of factual materials, the article defines the main directions of diversification of the rural economy, identifies the main industries and areas of activity of the multi-sectoral structure of the rural economy, both related to the agro-industrial complex and rural life, and having an indirect relation to them. It is noted that support and development of entrepreneurship in rural areas, as well as industries that allow small-scale production in rural areas, are essential for ensuring the diversification of the rural economy. The work also indicates the essential importance for diversification of the rural economy of such a factor as the preservation, development and provision of a rural way of life, rural social structure, rural life, support of traditional spiritual and moral values and traditional rural economic activity. The article formulates a number of recommendations for ensuring the diversification of the rural economy and the implementation of appropriate measures of state support for the Russian village. In particular, it concludes that from the point of view of ensuring food security and strategic sustainability of rural areas, it is extremely important for the state to resolve the main issues of employment and diversification of the rural economy with the creation of new jobs and new rural industries based on the principle of a multi-sectoral structure of the rural economy.

The article examines the current state of budget revenues and expenditures on a regional scale in the Republic of Tatarstan. The author considers the key areas of funds spent by regional executive authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation as a whole, and financial and budgetary flows across the economy of the Republic of Tatarstan. The current state and quality of the formation of budget revenues and expenditures in the region is influenced by a large number of external and internal factors, including the level of financial security, the index of tax potential, the coefficient of budget security, taking into account subsidies. The results of the study presented in the article are devoted to the analysis and dynamics of these parameters of the effectiveness of accumulating budget revenues and the rationality of spending funds of the regional budget of the Republic of Tatarstan. The statement of the facts that a significant share of financial resources has been withdrawn from the budget and tax turnover of the studied region reflects the role of budget flows in the reproduction of material goods and services of the most important sectors of the real economy: industrial production; construction; agriculture and agriculture, etc. One of the fundamental observations identified in the course of the study is the thesis about the relationship and interdependence of budget and tax flows in the region with financial flows from the consolidation of budget subsidies. The article notes the role of the budget impulse as a tool for probabilistic assessment of the effectiveness of budget revenues and expenditures. The use of this tool in the practice of forecasting the budget of the region is able to influence the quality of budget policy on the financial and budgetary flows of the Republic of Tatarstan. The author describes the current state of public debt in the subjects of the Russian Federation, and examines the issues of its occurrence in the budget of the Republic of Tatarstan. As a result of the study, recommendations have been developed to improve the stability of the financial security of the region and the government’s ability to ensure timely repayment of domestic public debt.

The article examines the characteristics of generations X, Y, Z, and offers practical recommendations for optimizing the hiring processes and interactions with this group, taking into account their unique characteristics and potential. The relevance of the study is that in today’s society, engulfed in rapid technological change, generation Z is becoming a key participant in the labor market, while more and more studies are devoted to the application of modern methods in the study of the characteristics of generation Z and the use of this fact in human resource management. The scientific novelty is that the study put forward and proved the hypothesis that using the deep learning (DL) model «Random Forest» it is possible to form a forecast of the decision to hire applicants, representatives of generations X, Y, Z. Applicants who scored above the average level receive 1 and can be hired. It is possible to tighten the requirements by raising the "bar" of requirements higher. The program can select the required number of applicants from a ranked series. The results of the study, when statistically processed, indicate that the best candidates can be selected among the representatives of Generation Z using the deep learning method "Random Forest".