Sleep quality is an important aspect of adolescent health, significantly affecting their physical, mental, and cognitive development. This review article analyzes the key factors affecting the quality of sleep in adolescents, as well as the consequences of its lack and possible ways to improve it. Research shows that teenagers often face sleep problems due to changes in biological rhythms, increased academic workload, use of technology and social factors. In turn, sleep deprivation in adolescents can lead to poor health, learning problems, emotional difficulties, behavioral disorders, and difficulties communicating in the family, generally reducing the quality and satisfaction of life. The article focuses on the difficulties of assessing sleep quality in pediatric practice and the lack of awareness among children and their parents about the impor‑ tance of sleep hygiene, as well as practical recommendations for creating optimal conditions for rest and using technology to monitor and improve adolescent sleep patterns. In conclusion, the need for further research in the field of the impact of modern technologies on the quality of sleep in adolescents is emphasized. The presented material will be useful for specialists of various profiles working with children, offering them the necessary tools to develop healthy sleep skills in adolescents and improve their overall well-being.

The article presents the results of a hygienic assessment of choline intake with food products by the adult population of the Omsk region. An assessment of the actual nutrition of a representative sample of 506 adult residents of the region was carried out using a standard food frequency questionnaire. The data obtained indicate that 38.9±2.2 % of the adult population of the Omsk region have an insufficient level of choline intake with food products. The median choline intake with food products is 376.58 mg/day. The minimum recorded value of the average daily choline intake is 48.37 mg/day, the maximum is 2234.5 mg/day. No choline intake of more than 3500 mg/day was detected in the study group of individuals. There were no significant differences between choline consumption in different age and sex groups, with the exception of the 18–29 age group, where men consumed more choline than women (p=0.044). The main food groups that supplied choline were meat and meat products (29.1 %), chicken eggs (15.3 %), and vegetables (15.2 %). The main food products that supplied choline in the population of the Omsk region were chicken eggs (15.3 %), animal liver (11.2 %), dairy products, and white bread.

Physical factors in open areas can have a negative impact on human health. Their potential risks to the health of workers in Russian climatic zones were assessed using the equivalent temperature (EvT) and the universal thermal index (UTI). EvT was calculated using air temperatures and air velocities; UTI, including air humidity and radiation temperatures. The potential hazard was determined based on the fact that workers performed category IIb work. The hazard classes of working conditions were determined monthly by comparing the data obtained when determining EvT and UTI. Permissible working conditions in a special region in the absence of scheduled breaks according to UTI are 4 months, according to EvT — 6 months; in the presence of breaks, 4 months and 7 months, respectively. In the II (III) climatic region (zone), permissible working conditions according to UTI and EvT under different work modes are 9 months and 9 months, respectively, as well as 9 months and 11 months. The degree of unfavorable working conditions assessed as «hazardous» in the presence of scheduled breaks in a special region according to UTI, 6 months, according to EkvT — 2 months, in the presence of breaks, respectively, 2 months and 0 months; in the II (III) climatic region (belt) 1 and 5 months, as well as 0 and 5 months. The most significant degrees of harm of class 3 are established by the definition of UTI. In two climatic regions, the possibility of using a single approach (one method) — determining the UTI for assessing the microclimate — was demonstrated.The obtained data on the potential danger of physical factors in the open area for humans confirm the need for a special assessment of working conditions to ensure their safety. UTI is the most acceptable for different regions of the country.

Viral infections lead to a variety of nosological forms, necessitating routine monitoring of the circulation of pathogens. Aquatic ecosystems play a key role in the accumulation and subsequent transmission of viruses to humans. Each year, approximately two million people are infected with enteric viruses from water sources. Human activities often result in fecal contamination of water bodies with enteric pathogens. The most studied viral families associated with acute intestinal infections include Picornaviridae, Adenoviridae, Caliciviridae, and Reoviridae. To address the issues related to viral infections, it is essential to optimize and enhance biological control methods in aquatic ecosystems, including the application of virus concentration and filtration techniques from water. The objective of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of scientific literature regarding the methods for the filtration and concentration of viral pathogens in wastewater, with the aim of identifying the priority features and shortcomings of the prevailing standards in filtration and concentration techniques. This review of scientific publications outlines the results of current approaches regarding the study of universal methods for concentrating viral agents in aquatic ecosystems. Classical methods are effective but not universal, while innovative methods are often insufficiently studied and frequently economically unfeasible. The main criteria that concentration methods should meet have been identified. The most commonly used methods include adsorption, ultrafiltration, ultracentrifugation, and polyethylene glycol precipitation. The combined use of these methods could potentially compensate for the shortcomings of each, allowing for the acquisition of objective results.

One of the global problems of modern humanity is the pollution of surface and underground water sources. To ensure hygienic safety, it is promising to conduct comprehensive ecological and hygienic monitoring of water bodies. The article provides an overview of modern methods for assessing the quality of water sources, presented in the databases of the scientific electronic library e-library, Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed. Comprehensive ecological and hygienic monitoring of water sources is a combination of traditional chemical and physical methods of analysis and conducting a biotesting procedure. Traditional methods of sanitary and chemical analysis do not always provide an opportunity to fully assess the hygienic safety of a reservoir, since the synergistic effects and toxic effects of chemical pollutants transformation products in the aquatic environment are not taken into account. It is promising to use a system of biological test objects belonging to various systematic groups and trophic levels of living organisms (ciliates, daphnia, algae, human and animal cells). First of all, it is necessary to use certified biotesting methods. During monitoring, biotesting of water samples is carried out first, and then, if acute toxicity is detected, the samples are subjected to quantitative and qualitative chemical analysis to identify toxic substances. Bioindication methods are used as additional methods. They allow us to identify early violations of the aquatic ecosystem, which after a while will lead to the inability to use the reservoir for household purposes. Compared with traditional methodological approaches, the advantage of integrated environmental and hygienic monitoring lies in the possibility of rapid assessment of acute toxicity, which is very important for ensuring the hygienic safety of the population in various emergency situations.

Noise is one of the most common adverse environmental factors. An increased noise level causes not only unpleasant subjective sensations, but also leads to various functional disorders, diseases of the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Noise pollution has both direct and indirect cumulative negative effects. The acoustic state of the environment is one of the important factors that determine the quality of life in the residential territory. In conditions of rapid growth of a car park, noise is a serious hygienic, social and economic problem. The article presents the results and analysis of the measurement of sound levels in the four monitoring points of Lipetsk in the period from 2013 to 2023. The results demonstrate a stably high level of noise load, which remains unchanged regardless of the number of vehicles during the period under consideration.

The article discusses the issues of the formation and continuous reform of sanitary organizations since their establishment in Russia. The materials for this study are regulatory documents from different years: Union and Russian resolutions and decrees of the party and government, orders of Ministries and departments, archival materials and scientific articles on the basic legal measures for the creation and development of the most important field of medicine in the country — the sanitary and epidemiological service. The analysis made it possible to trace the stages of reforming the sanitary service of our country, identify the features of each historical period based on the regulatory documents in force at that time, and characterize the current state of the state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance.