The article presents results of the study on efficiency and safety of topical application of weak hypertonic saline solution in complex therapy of patients with recurrent rhinosinusitis. In order to achieve the objective of the study, 2 groups were formed: 1 group consisted of 45 patients, the complex treatment of which included solution of hypertonic saline, group 2 (control) consisted of 39 patients. The obtained data show that weak hypertonic solution of sea water allows reducing the length of treatment, reducing the number of recurrences of rhinosinusitis, restoring the functional metabolic status of cells of innate immunity in mucous membrane of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Analysis of the obtained results makes it possible to recommend hypertonic saline solution for inclusion in the complex of therapeutic measures in case of recurrent rhinosinusitis.
The article presents results of a study on the effectiveness of using lowfrequency ultrasound and photochromotherapy in the complex treatment of patients with chronic bacterial and viral rhinosinusitis. The study involved 69 people aged 18 to 55 years: 39 (56.83 %) women and 30 (45.11 %) men with chronic rhinosinusitis during the period of clinical exacerbation and concomitant chronic tonsillitis without exacerbation. All patients included in the study underwent X-ray examination or computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the paranasal sinuses. 100 % of the patients were examined for the presence of antibodies to Human gammaherpesvirus 4 (ELISA), had study of blood serum for IgM and IgG and test to determine the avidity of Ig G antibodies to γ-herpesviruses. The obtained data indicate the effectiveness of including low-frequency ultrasound and photochromotherapy in the complex treatment of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and concomitant chronic tonsillitis of bacterial and viral nature without exacerbation.
The article presents experience and clinical and immunological effectiveness of the use of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) in the treatment and prevention of pneumonia in order to reduce the risk of pneumonia in cerebral strokes and severe exogenous poisoning. Accumulated clinical experience on the use of recombinant interleukin-2 in patients of various age groups indicates the validity and feasibility of including the drug in the basic therapy for severe pneumonia along with antimicrobial chemotherapy in order to normalize immunological parameters, improve clinical course of the disease, achieve timely and complete resolution of the inflammatory process.
The article presents analysis of modern laboratory technologies and requirements for the quality of laboratory tests in the Russian Federation. Basic rules that improve the quality of laboratory tests at the preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical stage are studied on the example of tests in the Laboratory Hemotest. The optimal list of laboratory tests used in the practice of a general practitioner and organizational options for performing laboratory tests, the features of the process that affect the speed of obtaining a result by a doctor in an outpatient setting and in hospital, are presented.
There are more than 70 chemical elements in the human body. To date, the need for more than 20 trace elements has been determined: deficiency in them leads to disruption of the neural, immune and endocrine regulation and adaptive potential, increases the risk of infectious diseases and development of their chronicity. A prolonged absence of certain nutrients in the diet, or vice versa, excess of them in soil and water, can cause irreversible changes in the body. The article discusses physiological role of minerals, macro and micronutrients, features of their metabolism, content standards, causes of their shortage in the diet. Recommendations on the choice of material for the study of the trace element composition are given and possibilities of modern laboratory diagnostics are presented..
The article presents cell-mediated mechanisms of immunological relationship in various types of pregnancy and demonstrates immunotypes characteristic of the physiological and pathological course of gestation. Disturbance of immune homeostasis in complicated pregnancy ranged from autoimmune one with the threat of miscarriage to severe immunosuppressive condition with gestosis.
Currently, one of the priority medical and social problems is the optimization of treatment methods for pyoderma associated with Streptococcus pyogenes — group A streptococcus (GAS). To date, the proportion of pyoderma, the etiological factor of which is Streptococcus pyogenes, is about 6 % of all skin diseases and is in the range from 17.9 to 43.9 % of all dermatoses. Role of the bacterial factor in the development of streptococcal pyoderma is obvious. Traditional treatment complex includes antibacterial drugs selected individually, taking into account the antibiotic sensitivity of pathognomonic bacteria, and it is not always effective. Currently implemented immunocorrection methods often do not take into account specific immunological features of the disease, the individual, and the fact that the skin performs the function of not only a mechanical barrier, but it is also an immunocompetent organ. Such an approach makes it necessary to conduct additional studies clarifying the role of factors of innate and adaptive immunity, intercellular mediators and antioxidant defense system, that allow to optimize the treatment of this pathology.
Health of an elderly working person is an important medical and social issue. It is important to carry out comprehensive diagnostic measures using laboratory and instrumental methods in order to develop rehabilitation and therapy methods that are part of the anti-age system throughout the entire period of intensive work of older teachers, namely, in the dynamics of the academic year. Parameters of heart rate regulation at the beginning of academic year, after 6 and 10 months are analyzed. Indicators of the spectral analysis of the heart rate, the wave structures of the high-frequency, low-frequency, spectral components were studied; statistical methods included the calculation of the Shapiro — Wilk criterion, chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, and Student’s t-test. A decrease in heart rate variability was revealed, it confirms the need for a set of preventive measures aimed at maintaining health in older people who continue their professional activities.
The article presents analysis of current information about the etiology, pathogenesis, and laboratory diagnosis of coronavirus 2019-nCoV. It has been shown that all animal species serve as the biological reservoirs for coronavirus. Historical moments in the study of coronavirus infection, methods of protection against viruses are considered. The most common clinical manifestation of a new variant of coronavirus infection is pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome has developed in a significant number of patients. The article is devoted to methods of protection and prevention of respiratory viral infections. The tactics for the general practitioner dealing with this pathology are indicated on the basis of global and Russian recommendations.
