It is demonstrated that social experience is accumulated in the process of real joint life activity of people in the course of satisfying their group and individual interests and needs, in which there is a constant spontaneous rejection of those forms (technologies and results) of their actions, conduct, communicative acts, the used means, ideological and value foundations, etc. that are recognized as harmful or potentially dangerous for the existing level of social integration of the team and turn out to be unacceptable in terms of their social cost and consequences. Some of these undesirable forms eventually fall under institutional taboo (legislative, religious and other prohibitions, sanctions, etc.), while others remain condemned within the framework of customs (morality, virtue). The forms that in the short term, and especially in the long term, prove to be quite acceptable or even desirable from the point of view of maintaining, reproducing, and sometimes increasing the level of social consolidation of community members, their tolerance, the quality of their mutual understanding and interaction, both spontaneously and over time institutionally selected as recommended, are accumulated and consolidated in social norms, standards, values, rules, laws, and ideological principles. Education is one of these most effective forms. The article shows what functions are performed by education at all levels and stages.

Recognizing the undoubted merits of the modern methodology of teaching the Russian language and the undoubted methodologists’ successes achieved in recent decades, we cannot but realize the need not only not to be satisfied with what has been achieved, but, on the contrary, to do everything in our power to search for answers that correspond to the changes taking place in the country and the world. In everything that concerns the Russian language, it was the time that turned out to be surprising in its social energetics as the exponent of a huge set of problems requiring urgent solution. Just as uncontrolled drifting ice floes converge and collide with each other, so at the end of the 20th and at the beginning of the 21st centuries, different layers of issues related to the development of the Russian language, its connections with other languages, interpersonal, interethnic, interethnic and interstate relations collided. Finally, the attitude towards it on the part of the younger generations that have already entered and continue to enter life, including those formed by the academic subject «Russian language». In the article, the author reflects on the meaning of the Russian language, speaks about the methods of teaching it, which are built as methods of teaching a foreign language, and shows that with this approach the language loses its flexibility and liveliness and is filled with formulas and clichés.

The analysis of civilizational pictures of the world through the prism of linguistic universals allows one to reveal the general and the particular in the «human — world» system, which contributes to a more complete understanding of their cultural semantics. Cultural standards vary across civilizations. Their description on the material of multi-structural, genetically heterogeneous languages, civilizations and cultures makes it possible to reveal the common foundations of people's social life despite the fact that their cultural codes are different, often creating the impression of a complete incompatibility of the thinking and behavior of their representatives. Therefore, studies based on the description of fundamentally dissimilar civilizations and cultures, demonstrating the groundlessness of such impressions, are relevant. The article examines cultural and communicative formulae as a reflection of the civilizational pictures of the world. Cultural and communicative formulae (CCF) are defined by the author as the simplest, stable, high-frequency units of culture used at all levels of social and cultural life, which, being a combination of signs, compactly represent the culture in its similarity and difference with other cultures and make it possible to establish a dialogue of cultures in minimum of data involved. CCF provide communication through verbal forms of language, gestures, styles, etc., i.e. through all cultural forms that can be translated into signs of a given culture and are sufficient to have a minimal idea of it. The article examines the CCF using the example of concise verbal forms belonging to folk speech, which include proverbs and sayings, «winged words», precedent phrases that are a component of the civilizational picture of the world. The materials of the article may be of interest for preparation at the higher educational institution in the framework of the fields of «Linguistics», «International relations» and «Culturology».

It is demonstrated that the pandemic had a significant impact on all spheres of society - the economy, education, financial situation of families, and the psychological state of people. The article examines how the state's assistance to low-income groups of citizens during the pandemic influenced the social well-being of the society. Based on the sociological data of the research in 2020, the author traces how people's opinions change regarding the main issues of social life during the pandemic and shows what milestones citizens choose for themselves in terms of directions of social development. The article traces the dynamics of Russians' perception of the vectors of social dynamics associated with socialism and capitalism. It is shown that the polls record a more balanced and positive attitude on the part of Russians to the socially oriented political relations inherent in socialism and a more critical attitude to capitalism. At the same time, neither socialism nor capitalism is selected as a system towards which Russians would like the society to aspire. However, the studies have recorded an important trend associated with the growing loyalty of Russians towards the state, which provided significant assistance in 2020 to a number of the least protected groups of citizens in connection with the pandemic. The materials of the article can be used in the "Sociology" course of training, as well as in areas related to sociology, political science, social philosophy, and public relations.

After the collapse of the USSR, fundamentally new phenomena appeared on the world arena, which became a watershed separating the bipolar order from the monopolar order associated with the establishment of the US global hegemony. Such phenomena were the events that are most often called «revolutions» in connection with the scale of the changes being made — «velvet revolutions» in the former Eastern Bloc, as well as revolutions of a different type, which ended in a change in the current regimes with such serious consequences that we are also talking about revolutionary transformations. These are technologies of «color revolutions» that allow organizing artificial and seemingly spontaneous mass protests leading to the removal of the legitimate government operating in the country and, in fact, to the seizure of power by a pro-American forces that ensure the Westernization of the country and the implementation of "neoliberal modernization", which essentially means the opening of national markets and the provision of natural resources for the undivided use of the Western factor (TNC and TNB). «Color revolutions» are inseparable from the strategic documents of the United States, in which, from the end of the 20th century, even before the collapse of the USSR, two main tendencies were clearly traced: the expansion of the right to unilateral use of force up to a preemptive strike, which is inextricably linked with the ideological justification of «missionary» American foreign policy, and the right to «assess» the internal state of affairs in countries and change it to a «democratic format», that is, «democratization». «Color revolutions», although they are not directly mentioned in strategic documents, but, being a «technical package of actions», straightforwardly follow from the right, assigned to itself by Washington, to unilateral use of force, which is gradually expanding from exclusively military actions to a comprehensive impact on an opponent country, i.e. essentially a hybrid war. Thus, the «color revolutions» clearly fit into the strategic concept of Washington on the use of force across the entire spectrum (conventional and unconventional war) under the pretext of «democratization». The article examines the period of registration and expansion of the US right to use force (which, according to the current international law, is a crime without a statute of limitations) in the time interval from the end of the twentieth century until 2014, filling semantic content about the need for «democratic transformations» of other states, with which the United States approached the key point of the events of the «Arab spring» and «color revolutions» in the post-Soviet space, the last and most ambitious of which was the «Euromaidan» in Ukraine in 2014. The article presents the material for the preparation of lectures and seminars in the framework of the training fields «International Relations» and «Political Science».

The information society is a new form of organizing the life of society, in which the main objects and results of labor are information and information resources. The concept of an information society appeared in the second half of the 20th century, but its practical implementation in Western countries began only in the 21st century, when the Internet, mobile telephony, digital television and personal computers became widespread. The article examines the informational concept of social development based on the widespread use of digital technologies, which in recent years have become the most important factor in the scientific, technological and socio-economic development of many countries of the world. The main tendencies of this development and the emerging new opportunities, challenges and threats for people and society are shown. The priority directions of the use of digital technologies in science, economy, social sphere and the system of higher education are determined. The content of a number of new terms related to the processes of digital transformation of society is revealed. It is demonstrated that this is new knowledge that becomes the property of modern culture, science and education. The materials of the article may be of interest to researchers, teachers, PhD students and students of higher educational institutions, as well as to anyone interested in the issues of digital transformation of society.

The article deals with the current direction of metamodernism as the final stage of the postmodernism era and with the main representatives of this era. The author traces in a comparative plan the features of three eras: modernism, postmodernism and metamodernism, showing the specifics of the subject of historical action in these periods, and reveals such features of the modernism era as its rationalism and the desire to produce new meanings and ideas, historical consistent thinking, allowing the representatives of the Enlightenment era to realize the qualities of this period as the next stage of development that replaced the Middle Ages. The author demonstrates that the era of postmodernism, which replaced the Enlightenment or modernism, recorded a stable denial of the former main dominants, replacing uniqueness with replicability, novelty - with repetition, the desire to follow big ideas - an intellectual game. The era of metamodernism is associated by the author with the development of digital technologies. The article touches upon the problem of fashion as the sphere of culture, which quite fully embodies the main tendencies of the change of eras.

After the collapse of the USSR, fundamentally new phenomena emerged on the world stage, which became a watershed separating the bipolar from the monopolar order associated with the establishment of global US hegemony. Such phenomena were the events most commonly referred to as "revolutions" because of the scale of the changes produced: the "velvet revolutions" in the former Eastern Bloc, and revolutions of a different type that ended in the change of the current regimes with such serious consequences that we are also talking about revolutionary transformations. These are the technologies of "colour revolutions" that allow organizing artificial and seemingly spontaneous mass protests leading to the removal of the existing legitimate authorities in the country, in fact, to the seizure of power by a pro-American set, which ensures the westernization of the country and the implementation of "neoliberal modernization", which essentially means the opening of national markets and giving natural resources into the undivided use of the Western factor (TNCs and TNBs). "Coloггr revolutions" are inseparable from the strategic documents of the United States, in which since the end of the 20th century, even before the collapse of the USSR, two main trends can be seen: the expansion of the right to unilateral use of force up to a preventive strike, which is inextricably linked to the ideological justification of the "missionary feature" of American foreign policy, the right "to assess" the internal situation in countries and change it to "democratic format", that is, "democratization". "Colour revolutions," although not explicitly mentioned in strategic documents, but as a "technical package of actions," are directly derived from the right assigned to itself by Washington to the unilateral use of force, which is gradually expanding from exclusively military action to a comprehensive impact on the opposing country, which, in fact, is a hybrid war. Thus, the "colour revolutions" clearly fit into Washington's strategic concept of using force across the spectrum (conventional and unconventional warfare) under the pretext of "democratization". The article examines the period of the establishment and expansion of the US right to influence by force (which under current international law is a crime without a statute of limitations) in the period from the late twentieth century to 2014, filling the meaning of the need for "democratic transformation" of other states, with which the United States approached the key period of the "Arab Spring" and "colour revolutions" in the former Soviet Union, the last and most extensive of which was the "Euromaidan" in Ukraine in 2014. The article provides material for preparing lectures and seminars within the training areas "International Relations" and "Political Science".