Land use and development rules represent a set of norms and requirements governing the use of land resources and the organization of urban planning activities in cities and rural areas. These rules play a key role in ensuring the sustainable development of territories, preserving the natural environment, and improving the quality of life of the population. In the context of rapid urban growth and increasing development density, the issue of efficient use of land resources becomes particularly relevant, requiring public authorities, developers, and citizens to adopt a conscious approach to the planning and implementation of construction projects. The aim of this scientific research is to examine the main aspects of land use and development rules using the example of the federal city of Moscow, and their significance for territorial planning. The paper will analyze key legislative acts regulating this area, as well as consider examples of their practical application. Special attention will be paid to the interaction of various stakeholders — state authorities, developers, and local communities — in the context of ensuring balanced and harmonious territorial development.

Статья посвящена современным подходам к обеспечению техносферной безопасности при строительстве и эксплуатации станции водоподготовки Амурского газохимического комплекса (АГХК) с водозабором из реки Зея. Рассмотрены основные вредные факторы, влияющие на водные экосистемы, почвенно-геологическую среду, биологическое разнообразие и условия труда. Описаны технические и организационные решения, внедренные для снижения рисков: автоматизация водозабора, рыбозащитные устройства, использование замкнутого водооборотного цикла, многоступенчатая система очистки сточных вод, дублирование ключевых инженерных узлов.

The article analyzes the current state of irrigation systems in Russia, identifies the causes and problems of their use. The key parameters of the reclamation regime to be monitored during the restoration process are outlined. The criteria determining the need for modernization are formulated. The authors propose technological approaches to solving the problem of updating irrigation complexes that require reconstruction. The proposed solutions are aimed at improving the efficiency and sustainability of irrigation systems, improving land use and water use in modern conditions.

Lake Tanganyika, with its unique biodiversity of lake fauna, faces environmental threats due to active anthropogenic activities, particularly in the fishing industry. This article explores the impact of the fishing industry on the socio-economic development of coastal areas in the northwestern part of the lake, where population growth and food demand are increasing. Among the main problems identified by the authors in the analyzed territories is the lack of necessary information about the lake»s fish stocks and their dynamics among the government agencies responsible for sustainable management of Lake Tanganyika»s fish resources. The reason for this is the lack of harmonized and centralized methods of monitoring the environment of the lake»s coastal areas, which makes it difficult to assess the systematic nature of the monitoring conducted by various states and companies without proper coordination in terms of timing and types of monitoring activities. The article highlights the need for targeted and scientifically sound environmental monitoring programs to preserve and sustainably manage the fisheries, which are of great concern.

The article demonstrates the importance of accuracy and reliability in land accounting results through analytical and monographic research methods. It identifies the factors that negatively impact the correct and complete maintenance of land records by administrativeterritorial units. In particular, practical suggestions for improving the quality, accuracy, and transparency of the land balance are provided.

The article is devoted to the problems of economic realization of ownership of agricultural land and substantiation of the conceptual foundations of a constructive position. The political and economic foundations of the significant miscalculations made in the justification of strategic directions and tactical decisions in the reform of land ownership, the paradoxes of the economic and legal content of land ownership related to holdings as its exogenous subjects are shown. The article provides scientifically based recommendations on the adjustment of the land reform in Russia.

The relationship between people and land, which forms the basis of all human activity, determines sustainable economic development and social stability. Recognizing land—a limited and non-reproducible natural resource—as a source of wealth is a key element of rational stewardship and effective governance. Eradicating poverty and ensuring sustainable environmental management largely depend on how people gain access to land resources: a source of livelihood, especially for the rural poor; a key factor for economic growth; and a source of food and shelter. Effective management of the land tenure and use system promotes sustainable social and economic development, creates favorable conditions for responsible investment in productive land use, and provides people with security of expectations. Ineffective management negatively impacts social stability, sustainable environmental use, investment, and economic growth, and can lead to violent conflicts. People may be condemned to hunger and poverty, deprived of their livelihoods if they are denied access to land due to corrupt practices in the administration of land tenure and use systems and lack necessary state support for agricultural production in nonchernozem regions [4–6]. This article addresses the quality of governance, the abandonment of agricultural lands, and the depopulation and rewilding of rural areas.

В статье представлены результаты анализа химического и радиационного состояния водных объектов юго-западной части Алтайского края с использованием данных многолетних наблюдений за содержанием тяжелых металлов и радионуклидов в воде и донных отложениях. Показаны особенности загрязнения медью и цинком, а также характер распределения техногенных радионуклидов, включая следы выпадений Семипалатинского испытательного полигона. Проведена оценка потенциального риска накопления загрязняющих веществ в гидробионтах и даны рекомендации по организации практически ориентированной системы мониторинга для природоохранных и эксплуатационных организаций.

В статье рассматривается применение геоинформационных систем (ГИС) в системе санитарно-бактериологического мониторинга водных объектов на примере Ростовской области (река Дон и Цимлянское водохранилище). Проведен ретроспективный анализ публикаций и нормативно-правовой базы России в области ГИС, описаны методики отбора водных проб и лабораторного микробиологического анализа, выявлены ключевые направления и технологические платформы для внедрения ГИС-инструментария в практику мониторинга. На основании результатов мониторинга бактериального загрязнения (ОКБ, E. coli, энтерококки, сальмонеллы, колифаги) обозначены возможности визуализации, пространственно-временного анализа и межведомственного обмена данными.