Oncology is a branch of medicine that studies benign and malignant tumors, mechanisms and patterns of their origin and development, methods for their prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Oncological diseases are a numerous and diverse class of diseases. Oncological diseases are systemic and affect, in one way or another, all human organs and systems. There are many forms and variants of cancer. Although patients often perceive an oncological diagnosis as a sentence, not all even malignant tumors lead to death. Modern studies have demonstrated that cancer cells and micro-tumors regularly develop, die and dissolve due to the influence of the anti-tumor immunity in the body of every person. Order No 915n of November 15, 2012 regulates the procedure for delivering health care to the population with cancer. Changes to this order were made by order No. 379n «On the introduction of changes in the procedure for healthcare delivery to the population with oncological diseases, approved by the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of November 15, 2012 No. 915n» of July 04, 2017.

Patients with cancer are not uncommon in the work of a general practitioner. Early diagnosis, timely redirecting and adequate therapy are keys to successful treatment of this group of patients. The delivery of health care to patients with cancer is regulated by a number of practice guidelines: the procedures for delivering health care, health care standards, clinical guidelines from professional bodies. Awareness of these regulatory documents and their observance by a general practitioner allows to achieve high quality of health care for this group of patients.

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor of the glandular tissue of the breast. This is the most common form of cancer among women in the world, affecting from 1/13 to 1/9 of women aged 13 to 90 years during life. It is also the second most often cancer in the population as a whole after lung cancer (including the male population, since the mammary gland consists of the same tissues in men and women, breast cancer sometimes occurs in men, but the incidence of this type of cancer in men is less than 1% of the total number of patients with this disease). About 800 000 to 1 million new cases of breast cancer are registered in the world annually according to WHO experts. According to the number of women deaths from cancer, this type of cancer ranks second. The highest incidence is in the United States and Western Europe; 49 548 new cases were detected In Russia (19.8% of all types of tumors in women), and the number of deaths was 22 830. Breast cancer ranked first in the structure of the incidence of the female population of Russia with malignant neoplasms (20.5%), and in the structure of mortality from such diseases (17.2%); while the number of newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer increased to 57 241.

65 patients aged from 31 to 89 years with a combination of acid-dependent, cardiovascular and endocrine diseases, who received various types of non-pharmacological physiotherapy after taking medicines, have been examined. Along with the common clinical research methods, the hardware and software complex «Reserves health — R» was used. The analysis with the help of modern statistical methods has shown the effectiveness of the rehabilitation methods on the background of positive dynamics of psychophysiological state. If heart rate variability indices — SDNN, CV (coefficient of variation), SI (stress index), as well as PARS (activity indicator of regulatory systems) — significantly differ from the norm in the initial state, which means a significant weakening of the adaptive capacity of the organism for a given syntropy, then the tendency to recover the sympathetic-vagal balance and a decrease in PARS from 5.3 ± 1.2 to 4.0 ± 0.5 p <0.01 is noted as a result of the rehabilitation. There was a significant decrease in the mean values of diastolic and systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and total peripheral vascular resistance. The conclusion has been made that there is a common nature of pathogenetic processes with the combination of the mentioned above diseases, which is proved with modern diagnostic methods. It is manifested in autonomic dysfunction with possible subsequent exacerbation of disease of the gastroenterological, cardiovascular and endocrinological systems, which requires the joint participation of specialists of the relevant fields for the management of such patients.

The concept of "cancer metastasis without an identified primary site" appeared in the 70s of the last century. It is used to characterize patients with the presence of morphologically confirmed metastases of cancer, in which a detailed clinical examination does not reveal their source. According to various authors, such patients account for 3-5% of cancer patients who seek medical help. Tumors without an identified primary site occupy the seventh place in terms of frequency and fourth in the structure of mortality among all malignant tumors. In men, tumors without an identified primary site are more common than in women, especially with isolated lesions of cervical lymph nodes, bones and mediastinum. The incidence curve rises sharply with aging, and reaches the peak at 65 years.

Torticollis can be congenital, and appear from the first days of life, and can develop already in adulthood against the background of diseases of the central nervous system, pathology of the musculoskeletal system, it can be an after-effect of noise-induced hearing loss. The disease does not pose a danger to life, but it can lead to a number of problems related to disability, difficulties with self-care and social adaptation.

Malignant tumor is a neoplasm which properties most often (in contrast to the properties of a benign tumor) make it extremely dangerous for the life of the organism, that gave grounds to call it "malignant". Malignant tumor consists of malignant cells. Malignant neoplasia is a disease characterized by the appearance of uncontrolled dividing cells that are capable of invading adjacent tissues and metastasizing to distant organs. The disease is associated with a cell proliferation disorder and cell differentiation due to genetic disorders. The development of drugs and methods of treatment for malignant tumors is an important and still not completely solved scientific task.

Russian clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders were developed by the Russian Society of Oncohematologists and the National Hematology Society in 2013. The article presents the main provisions for diagnosis and determination of the treatment effectiveness for lymphoproliferative disorders [1].

October, like no other month, is rich in important and memorable dates in the field of medicine and health. On the first day of the month, the International Doctor's Day is traditionally celebrated, Mental Health Day is observed on 10 October, and on the 12th day it is World Arthritis Day. Also in October, ophthalmologists celebrate their holiday - this year the World Sight Day falls on October 13, and on October 16, intensivists celebrate World Anesthesia Day. However, bearing in mind that the best in this world is children, today we will stop at the celebration of the Child Health Day, which is celebrated in Russia on 2 October.