Endocrinology studies the structure and function of the glands of internal secretion (endocrine glands), the secretionsthey produce (hormones), the ways of their formation and their influence on animals and humans; and also it is the science about the diseases caused by the dysfunction of these glands or the effect of these hormones. Endocrinology is one of the youngest and most rapidly developing branches of medicine, dealing with the treatment of diseases associated with disorders in the endocrine system. The problems of endocrinology affect to some extent practically all fields of medicine and are closely connected with cardiology, oncology, ophthalmology, gastroenterology, nephrology, urology, neurology, gynecology. Order No. 899n of November 12, 2012, regulate the procedure for health care delivery to adult population in case of endocrinologicaldiorders.

Patients with endocrine pathology are not uncommon in the work of a general practitioner. Early diagnosis, timely redirecting and adequate therapy are keys to the successful treatment of this group of patients. The delivery of health care to patients with diseases of endocrine glands is regulated by a number of practice guidelines: the procedures for the health care delivery, standards of health care, clinical guidelines from professional bodies. Awareness of these regulatory documents and their observance by a general practitioner allows to achieve high quality of health care for this group of patients.

Takayasu disease (nonspecific aortoarteritis) is a rare systemic large vessel disease characterized by the development of the inflammatory process of the aorta wall and (or) its large branches. The inflammatory process can cause arterial stenosis, occlusion, dilatation or aneurysm formation. In this article the classification, modern methods of diagnostics and main directions in the treatment of nonspecific aortoarteritis are presented.

Diabetic neuropathy is a disorder of the nervous system associated with the damage to small blood vessels in case of diabetes. This is one of the most frequent complications, not only leading to a decrease in working capacity, but also it is often a cause of development of severe lesions leading to disability and death of patients. The pathological process affects all nerve fibers sensitive, motor and vegetative. Depending on the degree of damage to certain fibers, different variants of diabetic neuropathy are observed: sensory, motor, and autonomic neuropathy.

Diabetic angiopathy is characterized by generalized lesions of large (macroangiopathy) and small (primarily capillary - microangiopathy) blood vessels in diabetes mellitus. It is manifested in damage to the vessel walls in combination with bleeding disorder. The main factor that contributes to the development of diabetic angiopathy is the poor treatment of diabetes mellitus, when not only apparent carbohydrate metabolism disorder with a high blood glucose level and significant (more than 6 mmol/L) changes occur during the day, but also protein and fat metabolism disorders appear. In such cases, the oxygen supply of tissues, including the walls of the vessels, worsens, and blood flow insmall vessels is disturbed. The appearing hormonal disbalance is also important, as well as the increase in the secretion of a number of hormones that exacerbate metabolic disorders and adversely affect vascular walls. Target organs in case of diabetic macroangiopathy are mainly the heart and lower limbs. In fact, macroangiopathy is the accelerated progression of atherosclerotic diseasein the heart vessels and lower limbs. Treatment of diabetic macroangiopathy is an important direction in health care for patients with diabetes mellitus.

Diabetic nephropathy (nephropathy in diabetes mellitus, Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome, diabetic glomerulosclerosis) is a term that unites the lesions of arteries, arterioles, glomeruli and tubules that result from disturbance of lipid and carbohydrate metabolismin the kidney tissues. The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy reaches 75% in people with diabetes. The development of this renal pathology significantly worsens the prognosis in patients with diabetes mellitus, so timely diagnosis and treatment of this pathology is extremely important.

Peter the Great is rightly considered one of the most odious personalities of his time, a great reformer, whose transformations concerned, among other things, the health sector. It was he who had the idea of keeping registers of births and deaths, shelter homes for abandoned children were opened, and a system of punishment for parents who dared to leave the babies to their fate was introduced by his orders. Decrees were signed and issued: on the sanitary control of products in the markets, on the observance of cleanliness in the streets of the capital, for violation of which a system of penalties was provided. Peter the Great himself was well versed in medicine, having listened to the course of lectures within the walls of Leiden University in due time [2]. His real passion was dentistry; he constantly carried a Morocco sack with tools in the pocket of his caftan, and, seeing a man with a bandaged cheek, hurried to use it immediately. He was keenly interested in surgery, he was repeatedly present at operations, he knew the art of bloodletting. Any doctor would feel uneasy next to such a sick person, so one hardly would desire the fate of Laurentius Blumentrost and other court physicians.

World Hepatitis Day is observed on July 28 in many countries every year. The birthday of the American doctor Baruch Samuel Blumberg, Nobel Laureate, who discovered the hepatitis B virus, became the date for its celebration. Various events are held as part of the World Hepatitis Day, the main goal of which is always the only thing - to inform the population of hepatitis and its various forms.