The indicators of occupational morbidity in the Samara Region and its dynamics in the context of the pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 are presented. In 2020, out of 127 acute and chronic occupational diseases diagnosed in 11 months, 22.05 % (28 cases) were diagnosed with professional sensorineural hearing loss, 5.51 % (7 cases) with dust lung diseases, 5.51 % (7 cases) — atrophic rhinopharyngolaryngitis, in 3.94 % (5 cases) — occupational allergies in the form of occupational bronchial asthma and eczema, in 3.94 % (5 cases) — vibration disease, in 1.57 % (2 cases) — chronic occupational radiculopathy, in 0.79 % (1 case) — oncological occupational pathology (dermatosarcoma of the hand), in 3.14 % (4 cases) — occupational infectious diseases (except for COVID-19).

The pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection has posed additional challenges for endoscopy services. Endoscopy departments face a high risk of spreading airborne respiratory diseases in their daily work. This is especially true for endoscopic departments and offices that perform bronchoscopic examinations. The world scientific community recognizes the highest epidemiological risk of personnel infection during any interventional manipulations and operations related to the respiratory system, including bronchoscopic interventions.

Allergic diseases, in particular, atopic dermatitis, are becoming a global health problem due to the rapid spread, both as an independent disease and as a predictor of the development of bronchial asthma. Discovery of all the processes of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis will provide great opportunities for the prevention and treatment of this disease. In this regard, special attention is paid to vitamin D, which becomes more and more popular all over the world every year. In addition to the known and studied consequences of vitamin D deficiency for skeletal system health and mineral metabolism, recent studies have shown that calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, is involved in many biological processes in the body, including the regulation of the immune system. The discovery of the vitamin D receptor on various cells of the body opens up new prospects for studying the course of various diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, vascular atherosclerosis, obesity, autoimmune diseases, oncology and allergies. The review will be devoted to this problem. 38 foreign and 2 domestic sources are cited.

The article presents an analysis of the modern complex product Lecithin Premium, characterized by a positive effect on the cognitive and neurological functions of the body and providing an adequate neuropsychic state and adaptive potential. The study included an analysis of medical literature databases from the early 90s of the last century to the present day. Lecithin is a mixture of compounds, mainly phospholipids. It has many key functions in the body; it is involved in regulating cholesterol levels or building the sheath of nerve cells. Thanks to this, lecithin supports mental processes, improves memory and concentration, and also has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the heart and liver.

Laser therapy, as one of the artificial therapeutic physical factors, has long been successfully used in medicine. Detailed analysis and study of the effect of monochromatic light on various biological objects, cells, organs and systems of the body made it possible to clarify the parameters of the therapeutic effect of the magnetic field, propose methods and algorithms for conducting procedures, expand the indications and clarify contraindications to the use of laser therapy.

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of laser therapy in combination with basic pharmacotherapy in 72 patients with occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of moderate and severe degree during the exacerbation period. For the treatment of patients in the comparison group, traditional therapy was used in accordance with the treatment standards. The course of laser therapy was conducted by a semiconductor laser device Mustang 2000 with a radiating head KLOZ-2000. Analyzing the obtained data, it can be suggested that this method allows accelerating the normalization of clinical indicators, improving external respiration indicators and extending the remission period.

The article presents the results of the clinical use of Roncoleukin® (recombinant interleukin-2) and Viferon® (interferon alfa-2b) in the complex treatment of more than 300 patients with COVID-19 in outpatient and inpatient conditions from May to December 2020 in various regions of Russia and abroad. The obtained results indicate a dramatic improvement in the condition of patients with the inclusion of Roncoleukin® and Viferon® in the COVID-19 treatment regimen, which made it possible to achieve patient recovery in all cases and avoid death among patients with severe COVID-19. The article justifies the necessity of compulsory use of interleukin-2 and interferon alpha-2b in the treatment regimen of COVID-19 patients as the factors determining the timely activation of specific immune responses that block the growth of nonspecific immune reactions leading to the generalization of infectious and inflammatory processes (“cytokine storm”), decompensation of chronic diseases and death. The need to normalize the psychoemotional state as an important pathogenetically significant factor that has a considerable impact on both the course of coronavirus disease and its outcome is demonstrated.

The purpose is to study the features of metabolic and functional activity of cellular factors of innate immunity in nasal secretion in persons with rhinosinusitis. Material and methods. We studied the qualitative and quantitative composition of leukocytes of the nasal secretion of patients with rhinosinusitis, their viability, phagocytic and lysosomal activity, oxygen-dependent metabolism of neutrophilic granulocytes in the NBT test. Results. It was demonstrated that in patients with rhinosinusitis, an increase in the absolute and relative number of viable neutrophilic granulocytes, an increase in their lysosomal activity, a decrease in the activity and intensity of phagocytosis, and inhibition of biocidal properties according to the spontaneous NBT test are recorded. Conclusion. The revealed increase in the number of viable neutrophilic granulocytes, an increase in their lysosomal activity, a traced decrease in the activity and intensity of phagocytosis with inhibition of biocidal properties confirm the need to search for additional methods of rhinosinusitis therapy.

The analysis of the ventilation function of the lungs was carried out against the background of different severity of the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with different severity of nicotine dependence. It was found that an increase in the degree of nicotine dependence is directly proportional to an increase in bronchial resistance and a decrease in the elasticity of lung tissue. The degree of nicotine addiction to a greater extent changes the rate indicators, which increase with treatment.