The problem of alcohol abuse and alcoholism in Russia is well known. However, an improvement tendency with a decline of heavy binge drinking has been noticed since approximately the last decade or more. At the same time, there is a tendency to exaggerate the alcohol-related problems, which tends to disguise shortcomings of the public health, shifting responsibility for the relatively low life expectancy onto the patients i.e. self-inflicted diseases allegedly caused by alcohol consumption. The purpose of this review was to draw attention to alcohol abuse and related issues of public health. Apart from alcohol, the following causes of the enhanced mortality should be named: limited availability of modern health care, especially for men of older age, including those prone to the alcohol consumption, toxicity of some alcoholic beverages causing up to severe intoxications. Besides, there is a problem of property-related crime against alcohol abusers aimed among others at appropriation of their flats and houses. Admittedly, a quality improvement tendency of sold alcohol since approximately the last decade has been noticed.