The fight against a new coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2) has been ongoing for more than two years and has clearly been delayed, necessitating an epidemiological assessment of the status of the solution, successes and shortcomings in the control of the problem on both global and regional scales. An monitoring, epidemiological analysis of SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and mortality in WHO regions and selected territories by month and week for 2020–2021 and partly for 2022 was performed. It was found that the monthly trend of morbidity and mortality in their comparison across WHO regions and in individual countries repeats to some extent the weekly dynamics, but is not equal to it in the territories under comparison. It shows the wavelike epidemic process of the new coronavirus infection caused mainly by the emergence and circulation of new variants and subvariants of the pathogen among the population. An attempt was made to explain some features of the wavelike course of the epidemic process of COVID-19 depending on a number of other additional risk factors. Significant risk factors for the spread of the infection include a low level of social responsibility of the population not providing the necessary amount of measures (masking regime, non-compliance with social distance), uncontrolled travel regulation and, finally, a low level or complete absence of collective immunity to new mutation variants of the virus. Collective immunity formed as a result of disease transmissions and specific prophylaot pxis does nrotect completely against infection with new virus variants, but ensures a lighter course of the disease in cases of infection, reduced hospitalizations and deaths. Morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 in Russia, Moscow and St. Petersburg are also characterized by a wave-like course, however the indicators at the height of waves and in the intervals between them don’t decrease. The reason for this situation could be overdiagnosis, shortcomings in identifying the new variant of the virus. The delta variant, characterized by a more severe clinical course and unfavorable outcomes, is still circulating in some territories. Therefore, vaccination with coverage of 80 % of the population, including 60 % of the booster dose should ensure a decrease in the incidence and prevalence of all variants of the virus, the frequency of hospitalizations and deaths. Proceeding from the wave-like nature of the epidemic process in Russia and its metropolitan areas, all preventive measures should be strengthened not only at the peak of the epidemic, but also between waves in order to prevent infections and reduce morbidity and mortality. The need for measures is evidenced by the dynamics of increasing rates from the summer to the autumn-winter period of the year. However, analysis of weekly dynamics of morbidity should be taken as a basis for monitoring and accounting for changes in the epidemic process.

Epidemiological analysis of data on the incidence of measles, whooping cough and mumps in the Republic of Dagestan for the period 2010–2020. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of the data on the incidence of measles, whooping cough and mumps in the Republic of Dagestan for the period 2010–2018 was carried out. Materials on the coverage of planned vaccinations are analyzed. Statistical data processing was performed using the MS Exсel 2010 software package. In 2020, in the Republic of Dagestan, the measles incidence rate per 100 thousand population was 16,43 compared to 27,0 in 2019, 79.5 % of those who were not vaccinated against measles accounted for — 53.1 % fell ill due to refusals. The peak rates of whooping cough incidence are observed in 2018–2019 (8.0 and 7.19, respectively, per 100 thousand of the population). The main contingent is children — 97.9 %, of which 96.3 % are due to parental refusal. In terms of the incidence of mumps, the Republic of Dagestan ranks first in 2017–2018 (87.15 and 45.3 per 100 thousand population), with an excess of the all-Russian indicator (2.19) by 39.8 times, that is, 68 % of those who have been ill in the country are residents of Dagestan. Among those who fell ill with mumps, the share of unvaccinated persons was 65.6 %, of which 78.4 % were children under 17 years of age with refusal of vaccination. Based on a retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of measles, whooping cough and mumps in the Republic of Dagestan for the period 2010–2020, it can be concluded that the intensity of the epidemic process of these diseases has increased, which is an unfavorable prognostic sign. The main reason for the epidemiological problems and the spread of these infections among the population of the Republic of Dagestan is the increase in the number of refusals of preventive vaccinations. It is necessary to strengthen the educational and organizational activities of medical workers for the purpose of hygienic education of the population on the prevention of immune-controlled infections.

This paper analyzes the parasitological state of natural water bodies — rivers, lakes, springs, wells, as sources of drinking water supply, according to the content of round and flat helminthes. It is shown that climate aridization, which has been taking place in recent decades, causes, first of all, a decrease in the hygienic safety of surface water sources and an increase in the number of some helminth eggs in them, in particular, cestodes, which is associated with an increase in the average annual temperature under conditions of climate aridization. The water of surface water sources has an unfavorable parasitological composition in the presence of helminth eggs in the invasive and non-invasive stages of the life cycle. Reservoirs of the middle and southern latitudes are untidy from the point of view of the parasitological background in terms of the content of helminths. Contamination of water supply sources by eggs and larvae of parasitic worms in arid regions is confirmed by the morbidity of the local population. In the article, we noted various topical methods of preventing specific parasitic diseases — medical examinations of the population, parasitological studies of drinking water, parasitological control of raw materials and fish products, hygienic education and medical examination of the population for the purpose of early active detection of the infected. The presented up-to-date information on the results of sanitary and parasitological studies of environmental objects in different regions of Russia showed that the greatest contamination of round and flat helminths with eggs is characteristic of the southern regions. The example of the Saratov region shows the change of the fauna of endoparasites from humid to subarid and arid regions — nematodes are represented in the Right Bank of the region, and cestodes (Echinococcus) in the Left Bank. Cestodes are most characteristic of an arid climate.

In modern conditions, the need for vital nutrients, in particular, micronutrients, varies depending on age, season, physical activity. The modern diet of ordinary natural products cannot provide a sufficient level of consumption of micronutrients, which play an important role in various metabolic processes of the body. Such an element may be selenium. Seasonal manifestations of selenium deficiency in the body of schoolchildren aged 13–14 in the Leninogorsk district of the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) are associated with insufficient intake of trace elements from the environment, in particular selenium, contribute to metabolic disorders. For this purpose, a seasonal analysis of biomaterials (hair) taken from adolescents (n = 84, 50 % of them boys) aged 13–14 years [median (Me) — 13.5 years] was carried out among schoolchildren for the quantitative content of selenium. Anthropometric studies were carried out, the body composition of the examined schoolchildren was assessed, the frequency of the lack of selenium content among adolescents. The studies revealed concentrations of selenium in the hair of adolescents below the reference values: in boys in 35 % of cases, in girls — in 43 %. This fact correlates with body mass index, fat mass, active cell mass, with musculoskeletal mass, with the basic metabolism. When assessing the actual nutrition among adolescents, a lack of selenium in the diet was revealed in 55 % of boys and 64 % of girls. To correct selenium deficiency in the diet, a seasonal fortification of the school menu is proposed — fortification of food products with selenium and iodine at the same time, since these trace elements are functionally closely interrelated, the creation of accessible laboratory control for the quantitative content of selenium and iodine in local food products.

The digital transformation of modern education leads to the emergence of various electronic learning tools, the arsenal of which is constantly being updated. This actualizes the need to assess the potential health risks of students arising from the use of new digital tools. The article presents the results of a study of the influence of the use of an interactive panel (IP) at school on the functional state of the body (FSB) of 85 students of the 3rd and 5th grades in order to justify the safe duration for their health of the use of this electronic learning tool in the classroom. To achieve this goal, a complex of hygienic, physiological, sociological, statistical research methods was used. The evaluation of the indicators of mental performance (MP), which is an integral indicator of the functional state of the body of children, indicators of the critical frequency of the fusion of light flashes (CFLF), the psycho-emotional state of students. The time of using the IP in the lesson was tracked by the method of time-lapse observations of educational activities. A medical and sociological study was carried out related to the assessment of the well-being of 130 schoolchildren in the conditions of the use of IP in the classroom. The data obtained made it possible to establish the time of using the interactive panel in the lesson, over which the majority of schoolchildren had unfavorable indicators of mental and visual performance, an uncomfortable emotional state. It is shown that the unregulated use of IP caused the appearance of complaints in students about the deterioration of well-being, including eye pain, headache, blurring of the image, a feeling of flashing before the eyes, etc. The implementation of reasonable hygienic regulations for the use of an interactive panel during the lesson will contribute to the prevention of severe fatigue in the learning process and the occurrence of school-related diseases.

The mining industry, with its harmful working conditions, remains difficult and dangerous for workers. Scientific studies indicate the existing high risk to the health of workers in the industry as a result of exposure to harmful production factors that are the causes of the development of many non-communicable and occupational diseases, disability and mortality. The stages of the study included studying the health status of 856 employees of the mining enterprise, assessing the degree of occupational causation of the identified diseases in terms of relative risk (RR) and etiological proportion (EF). The level of chronic non-infectious pathology among workers of the main professions was determined by the groups of diseases of the musculoskeletal system (43.5 % in the structure), the circulatory system (12.6 %), the digestive system (11 %), the ear and mastoid process (10.9 %), nervous system (10.8 %) and respiratory organs (5.8 %). When calculating the RR and EF indicators, a very high degree of occupational causation of J00–99 class diseases was determined (RR— 3.6, EF— 72.4 %); high degree — diseases of class M00–99 (RR — 3.0, EF — 66.1 %), including vertebrogenic dorsopathy (RR — 2.5, EF — 60.6 %), K00–99 (RR — 3.1, EF — 67.5 %) and hearing impairment (RR — 2.6, EF — 61.7 %); average degree — diseases I00–99 (RR— 1.6, EF— 36.8 %), including hypertension (RR— 1.8, EF— 45.8 %). The features of occupational causation of diseases for certain professional categories of workers are determined. The problem of ensuring the safety of working conditions in order to preserve the health of workers in the industry requires the improvement of hygienic and recreational measures, the development of programs to protect and improve the health of workers, the implementation of which will help reduce the risks of workers’ health disorders.

In modern conditions, new methods and approaches to forecasting and modeling the spread of new types of diseases and their impact on the world economy, the health of the population, resource and technological capabilities, as well as the effectiveness of management measures to control it by health care, industry and governments of different countries and regions of the world are becoming particularly relevant. The purpose of this study was to study and generalize the existing domestic experience in predicting and modeling population morbidity, analyze the use of basic methods and approaches to its prediction. This article provides an overview and analysis of Russian scientific publications on the issues of population morbidity forecasting at the population level. It also discusses the features of various approaches and methods for predicting different classes, groups and types of diseases, including in the territorial context in Russia. Thus, this study will also determine the disadvantages and advantages of using certain methodological approaches, especially when identifying new viruses and infectious diseases, which is very important for timely planning and conducting anti-epidemic and preventive measures.

In the context of the intensification of the development of Kamchatka, the assessment of its comfort in terms of weather and climatic conditions is updated to prevent the influence of meteorological indicators on the health of the population. According to indicators for 2010–2020 air temperature (average and minimum), wind (average and maximum), relative humidity assessed the bioclimatic comfort of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky as a health risk factor. At an average temperature, the warm period of the year is June-September, there is no cold one; minimum — warm in August, cold in December-March. Average wind is strong (5 months) and strong to very strong (7 months); maximum — strong (7 months), from strong to very strong (5 months); in gusts — very strong (3 months), from very strong to stormy (6 months). The air from October to April is moderately dry, then moderately humid. With average meteorological indicators for effective temperature, the warm period of the year is in July-August (September could be both warm and transitional), cold — December-March. At the minimum temperature and maximum wind, there is no warm period of the year, cold — October-May. The influence of physical factors is inadequate for the body: uncomfortable positive temperatures in June-September, high humidity (May-September), year-round strong winds. According to the effective temperature, determined from the average values of physical factors, the warm season is shorter by 2 months, the cold 4 months. At the minimum temperature and maximum wind in the summer season, habitat conditions refer to the transition period, 8 months. to the cold season. There is no health risk based on average effective temperature data; at extreme values, the risk of cold injury within 3 months. (January, February — absolute, December — possible); with increased wind, the risk arises in the month of March.

August 21, 2022 marks the 75th anniversary of the Federal Biomedical Agency, founded on the basis of the Third Main Directorate under the Ministry of Health of the USSR specifically «for the atomic project». The basis of the activities of the FMBA of Russia, as the world’s only scientific and practical community of scientists and specialists in various fields, are innovations and dual-use technologies aimed at preserving human life and health. The article discusses the main periods of formation and development of scientific research of the Research Institute of Industrial and Marine Medicine of the FMBA of Russia, aimed at ensuring radiation safety and medical support of the Russian nuclear fleet.