Cystic echinococcosis in the regions of the North Caucasus is recorded in more than 30 species of murine rodents with the formation of synanthropic foci of zoonotic invasion. The aim is to study echinococcosis of murine rodents as a synanthropic epizootic and epidemiological risk in the biosphere resort areas of the North Caucasus as an objective material for predicting zoonosis. On the biosphere resort territories of Karachay-Cherkessia and in the Elbrus region of Kabardino-Balkaria, with the participation of mouse rodents of 9 species, dense synanthropic foci of echinococcosis, representing an epidemiological threat, have been formed. In the mountain-resort areas of Arkhyz, Teberda and Dombai, indicators of the extensiveness of invasion (EI) of cystic echinococcosis in mice are sufficient for the formation of persistent ill-being of synanthropic diffuse foci of zoonosis. The incidence indices of cystic echinococcosis of mice in the biosphere resort areas of Kabardino-Balkaria (Cheget, Azau, Dzhantugan) in 2018–2020 were relatively higher than in Arkhyz, Teberda and Dombai, which is mainly due to the complete ignorance of planned deratization measures in regarding zoonosis. The formation of synanthropic foci of zoonosis in the biosphere resort territories of Arkhyz, Teberda, Dombay (Karachay-Cherkess Republic) and Cheget, Azau, Dzhantugan (Kabardino-Balkar Republic) can lead to an increase in carnivorous echinococcosis and soil contamination of the resort-recreational complex with E. granulosus eggs.

The article presents a system for assessing the degree of potential risk of infection of contact ones in the tuberculosis focus with a source of infection suffering from HIV infection, based on methods of cluster analysis of risk factors, including hierarchical clustering and k-medium methods. Of the 20 factors characterizing the source of the combined pathology infection (HIV infection and TB), the most significant were taken for hierarchical cluster analysis. They included 6 factors: social, groups of epidemiological burden of foci, clinical, comorbidities, laboratory, sex. The use of the assessment system allows, on the basis of the factors selected for the analysis, to determine the tactics of epidemiological surveillance of the tuberculosis focus, to justify the transfer of the focus to a higher group of epidemic danger and to optimize measures for epidemiological control of the disease.

The aim of the study is to analyze the clinical and epidemiological aspects of enterobiosis in preschool children. Materials and methods. The material for the study was the data of outpatient records of 164 patients with laboratory-confirmed enterobiosis aged 9 months to 17 years. Results. Of the 164 children who sought medical help, more than half — 54.9 % — were children of preschool age. The majority of children — 86.7 % were from organized collectives (nurseries, kindergartens). The reasons for the examination of children were diverse. More than half of cases of enetrobiosis (55.4 %) were detected in children according to the results of preventive examinations in children's institutions. Another part of the children — 43.4 % — sought medical help due to the presence of clinical symptoms and complaints. And only in a single case — 1.2 % — the child was examined as a contact with a sick family member. When collecting an epidemiological history, it was found that 58 % had geophagia (eating the earth), 30.1 % had onychophagia (the habit of biting nails). 7.2 % of the surveyed children and their parents indicated non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene (the habit of not washing their hands before eating). 12 % of children had contact with pets (cats and dogs), including 4.8 % with dogs and 1.2 % with cats. Clinical manifestations of the disease, as a rule, occurred in children who sought medical help (50.1 %), and were not detected as a result of a preventive examination. All patients with enetrobiosis received therapy with albendazole and pyrantel in accordance with the instructions for these drugs. Conclusion. According to the results of the study, a wide prevalence of enetrobiosis was revealed among preschool children attending organized collectives. The main risk factors are bad habits, such as geo- and onychophagy, as well as lack of hand washing skills before eating. The most effective measures for the prevention of this parasitosis are timely periodic preventive examinations and hygienic training of preschool children.

Special attention is always paid to the health of children associated with the influence of environmental factors in scientific research. This is due to the fact that environmental factors play an important role in determining the health and well-being of children. Of particular importance is the search for informative integral indicators that characterize the impact of various degrees of anthropogenic load on the health of the child population. The article presents the results of a study of integral indicators of the health status of 315 children aged 4–6 years living in the territory with a high (group 1) and low (group 2) level of anthropogenic load, such as the stability of the nervous reaction, the stress index of regulatory systems, the index of vegetative equilibrium, the vegetative rhythm indicator, the indicator of the adequacy of regulatory processes. The obtained data indicate that a high level of anthropogenic load has an adverse effect on the integral indicators of the functional state of the central nervous, autonomic and cardiovascular systems. This is characterized by a decrease in the stability index of the nervous reaction, an increase in the sympathetic activity of the central nervous system, depletion of the central regulatory circuits due to prolonged activation of non-economic mechanisms for regulating the high tone of the sympathetic nervous system. At the same time, the adverse effects increase with an increase in the age of children from 4 to 6 years old living in an area with a high level of anthropogenic load. The established facts of changes in integral indicators represent a scientific justification for the use of these indicators in the development of mathematical models for managing risks to children’s health under the influence of anthropogenic factors.

The article discusses the results of research carried out within the framework of the industry program of Rospotrebnadzor “Hygienic scientific justification for minimizing risks to the health of the population of Russia” for 2016–2020 (p. 2. 16). During the development of oil and gas fields of the shelf in the waters of the Northern, etc. In addition to climatic conditions, dangerous and harmful factors of the production environment have a significant impact on working conditions: intense industrial noise, general and local vibration, insufficient lighting, contamination of the working area with dangerous chemicals and gases. Often, oil and gas in wells are under high pressure, which creates a threat of explosive emissions and fires. Among the unfavorable factors, the leading place is also occupied by noise, which affects workers during the entire shift from 7 to 30 or more days continuously. The noise sources are power plants and working mechanisms. Sound pressure levels in workplaces reach 72–107 dBA, in cabins 52–67 dBA. The equivalent daily sound levels are 71–102 dBA, and the total doses of acoustic energy affecting personnel exceed the permissible requirements by tens of times. In order to ensure the implementation of industrial and environmental control during the development of oil and gas fields on the offshore shelf, the main parameters, sources and mechanisms of marine water pollution have been determined. The sanitary and hygienic characteristics of the quality of sea water, ways and mechanisms of monitoring the state of sea waters are given. The analysis and updating of a number of existing regulatory and methodological documents in the field of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population and the safety of environmental objects, including the draft SanPiN 2.2.3... “Sanitary rules and regulations for drilling rigs and structures used in the development of offshore hydrocarbon deposits” has been prepared.

The concept and purpose of sanitary stations organized in the XIX century in Western Europe, as well as the first sanitary stations of pre-revolutionary Russia in the cities of Perm, Odessa, Moscow and St. Petersburg are revealed. The historical roots of the emergence of the first district sanitary stations on the territory of the USSR are presented. The information about the creation in the Ryazan region in 1928 of the first complex specialized sanitary and epidemiological institution — the provincial central sanitary and bacteriological station named after the 10th anniversary of Soviet medicine. The main stages of formation and development of sanitary-epidemiological stations in the USSR are shown.