There is a solution to prevent global problems caused due to carbon dioxide increase in planet atmosphere – reuse of CO2 in hydrogenation reaction. Literature analysis provides information about catalytic conversion of synthesis gas and carbon dioxide to carbohydrates in modern catalytic systems. Actual investigation of catalytic properties in GdFeO3 and GdMnO3 systems with perovskite structure has been carried out in the joint hydrogenation of carbon mono- and dioxide. Scientific novelty of research is to determine influence of the catalyst composition and reaction medium composition on the selectivity of target products.

The aim of the work is to develop composition of reverse microemulsion stabilized by the surfactant from a number of polyglycerol polyricinoleates for encapsulating water-soluble biologically active substance (BAS) and studying the kinetics of its release into the medium simulating the medium of the small intestine. Materials and methods. Possible stable (equilibrium) phases of the reverse microemulsion in the pseudoternary system water–PG-3-PR/Tween 80–paraffin oil were determined by titration of surfactant/co-surfactant mixtures–oil in water with hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values of the surfactant mixture ranging from 4.0 to 7.0. Stability of a number of compositions during storage at 20 °C for 6 months was studied. Based on the obtained data, a composition was selected for encapsulating methylene blue (MS) dye as a model of a water-soluble biologically active substance. Microemulsion was obtained by mixing paraffin oil and surfactants with selected mass ratio followed by the addition of an aqueous phase. Reverse microemulsion morphology was evaluated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To evaluate the in vitro drug release rate, aliquots of an aqueous dye solution (control sample) and MB-containing microemulsions were placed in dialysis bags and immersed in 0.01 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.4) in a thermostatic shaking incubator at 180 rpm and 37 °C. Aliquots of the release medium were selected at predetermined time intervals and the concentration of MB dye was determined using a UV spectrophotometer at 660 nm. Results. Composition containing 13.5 wt% paraffin oil, 76.5 wt% mixture of PG3-PR/Tween 80 (HLB 5.5) and 10 wt% water was chosen to encapsulate the biologically active agents. Number average droplet diameter in the dispersed phase of the obtained microemulsion was 55 nm. Dye-loaded microemulsion sample showed a prolonged release of biologically active substances within 48 hours of the experiment (15.2%) and low initial release rate. Conclusion. Possible stable phases of reverse microemulsion in the pseudoternary system water–PG-3-PR/Twin 80–paraffin oil were determined in the course of the work and optimal microemulsion composition for encapsulating medicinal substances was found. It was shown that the resulting microemulsion system provides a sustained release of methylene blue as a model of a water-soluble biologically active substance in a medium simulating medium of the small intestine. The obtained data allow to consider this composition as a potential nanoscale system for the sustained delivery of water-soluble drugs.

Bee products have been used by humans for a long time. They are accepted by conventional medicine as alternative and additional remedies. Bee products are included in healthy diets and clinical nutrition. The article describes general properties of different bee products and their use in pharmacy and medical practice.

The article is devoted to historical use of various alder raw materials: fruits, leaves and bark. Data on the pharmacological properties of the plant are studied, experience of using its preparations in traditional medicine, homeopathy, and cosmetology is considered. It is concluded that alder species are promising plants for study

Vehicle emissions make up to 50% of total pollutant emissions in Russia. The main roadside pollutants are heavy metals, petrol oil, lubricants and different readily soluble salts. Silverberry or Elaeagnus argentea Pursh is a deciduous shrub with height up to 4 meters, spreading crown, silver leaves and fruits. It originates from North America and is known since 1813. Its specific features are rather slow growth and ability to grow due to abundant root system. It reproduces itself by seeds, shoots and root suckers. It tolerates transplantation and cutting well. Due to such features as decorative effect, frost resistance, unpretentiousness to soil, resistance to drought, smoke and gases, some researchers recommend to use Elaeagnus argentea Pursh in urban greening. This kind is quite common in single or multiple plantings in Moscow such as green hedges in parks and along roads. Elaeagnus argentea Pursh is not only ornamental but also a medicinal plant.

E. coli infection is an acute infectious disease of all young farm animals which causes diarrhea. It is caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli and entails great damage to livestock. At the present stage there are about 30 remedies to prevent E. coli infection in animals circulating in the Russian Federation. Vaccine is an immunobiological that activates acquired immunity. Vaccination is one of the safest, most effective and affordable remedies for specific prophylaxis despite a great number of therapeutic (pharmacological) drugs. All immunobiologicals in Russia must be registered, certified and their circulation must be under control. Drugs must undergo rigorous quality control. The main regulatory document, collection of standards and regulations that determine the quality indicators of substances produced in the Russian Federation and drugs made from them is the State Pharmacopoeia. This article describes how to perform sterility test of various drugs that, in accordance with the regulations, must be sterile.