The article presents an analysis of the content and dynamics of indicators of humoral factors in the cervical mucus of women with inflammatory diseases of the lower reproductive tract caused by combined candida and mycoplasma infection. It has been shown that the use of topical laser therapy (wavelength 635±10 nm) with variable pulse generation leads to normalization of the sIgA, IgA production, restoration of the activity of C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5 complement components, total haemolytic complement activity, and the balance of cytokines in the cervical mucus.

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) occupy a leading place in the structure of nephro-urological pathology and are often accompanied by changes in the cardiovascular system, which requires an interdisciplinary approach in the management of this category of patients. Purpose: assessment of the nature and frequency of cardiovascular disorders in children with CAKUT to optimize their follow-up monitoring. The study included 190 children with CAKUT, of which 24 (15.0 %) had duplicated ureters; 30 (18.75 %) — hypoplasia; 40 (25.0 %) — cysts; 30 (18.75 %) — an autosomal dominant type of polycystosis, 36 (22.5 %) — varying degrees of severity of hydronephrosis, and 30 practically healthy children without kidney pathology (group 2). The age of children by groups: 34 children were up to 3 years, 41 children — 3–6 years, 59 children — 7–11 years, and 26 children — 12–15 years. In group 1, there were 73 (45.6 %) boys and 87 (54.4 %) girls aged 4 to 16 years (mean age 8±5.82 years), and in group 2, there were 13 (43.3 %) boys and 17 (56.7 %) girls aged 4 to 15 years (average age 6±6.73 years). A comprehensive examination of the urinary and cardiovascular systems using ultrasound diagnostics and Holter monitoring of pulse, ECG, and blood pressure was carried out. Statistical processing was performed using Statistica 8.0 for Windows (Statsoft Inc., USA). Conclusions. With CAKUT, chronic infection was often recorded in children with duplicated ureters (91.7 %) and hydronephrosis (88.9 %); persistent and increased crystalluria was noted in every third patient (33.3 %) with duplicated ureters, in 47.2 % of children with hydronephrosis, and in almost 2/3 of patients (73.3 %) with polycystosis. In children with CAKUT syndrome, CHD was detected in 15.0 % of cases; the frequency of small developmental heart anomalies is high with the prevalence of left ventricular false tendon (38.9 %) and mitral valve prolapse (33.6 %). This justifies the need to include an examination by a pediatric cardiologist 1–2 times a year with an additional examination of the cardiovascular system (ECG, heart ultrasound, and daily monitoring of blood pressure) in the standard of follow-up monitoring of children with CAKUT.

The microbiota is a key factor in maintaining the homeostasis of the human body. The intestinal microbiota has not been given due attention for a long time. Today, a high-quality and reliable study of the microbiota is possible due to chromatography-mass spectrometry of microbial markers. The study allows detecting bacteria, microscopic fungi, and viruses.

Urinary tract infection occupies a leading place in the structure of uronephrological pathology in children and adults. Based on the analysis of literature data and the results of our own research, alternative approaches to complex therapy and prevention of various variants of the course of urinary tract infection are presented. At the stages of patient rehabilitation, special attention is paid to diet therapy, the use of modern phytopreparations, the preservation of the mucous microbiota, and immunomodulatory therapy.

Interest in preparations containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids arose as a result of epidemiological studies conducted in the 1970s. Linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids are essential fatty acids. Obviously, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids should also be classified as essential fatty acids. In the body, unsaturated and partially polyunsaturated fatty acids can be synthesized by the successive participation of chain elongation enzymes called elongases and desaturation enzymes (i.e. forming double bonds at the appropriate positions in the chain) called desaturases. The consumption of polyunsaturated higher fatty acids increases the need for antioxidants, especially vitamin E, since peroxidation products easily formed from polyunsaturated higher ω-3 fatty acids have a damaging effect on the body cells and tissues.

The researching doctor always faces the urgent problem of choosing software for the analysis of experimental data. The article considers the currently existing systems of statistical analysis of experimental data.

In the last decade, facts related to the role of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases have been established and the concept of the gut-microbiota-brain axis has been formulated. The gut-microbiota-brain axis has been shown to be a sensitive pathological marker of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Numerous works of Russian and foreign scientists and summarized data in scientific reviews indicate that one of the key reasons for the development of these diseases is a change in the gut microbiota. A number of published studies have focused on the pathogenic effects of altered gut microbiota and its metabolites on the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. On the other hand, a growing body of fundamental work points to the ability of the gut microbiota to regulate the function of the central nervous system through the gut-microbiota-brain axis, to influence brain development and the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. This article presents an analysis of a number of systematic reviews and results of clinical studies conducted mainly in animal models and in vitro, proving the relationship between the intestinal microbiota, neurotransmitters, and associated pathophysiology. The paper shows the need for further study of the influence of the gut microbiota on the central nervous system, which can play an important role in the early recognition, prevention, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.