The structural and dynamic analysis on the prevalence of mental disorders in the Russian Federation and federal districts in 2015–2017, based on the statistical data of the reporting forms approved by the Ministry of Health and the calculation of the incidence rate indicators, was conducted in the work. The results show an increase in the incidence of mental disorders in age groups from 15 to 17 years and 60 years and older against the background of a decrease in the prevalence of mental disorders in general; increased prevalence of vascular dementia, acute non-organic psychosis, chronic non-organic disorders, child autism, brain organic lesions, Asperger syndrome. The authors conclude that the decline in prevalence rates depends on the stability of the social and political situation, the growth of the population well-being, and low level of application for psychiatric care; reduction in the availability of psychiatric care as a result of a reduction in the number of psychiatric facilities.
Personality characteristics were studied in 60 patients with cerebral infarction in the territory of the left middle cerebral artery in the late recovery period and in 20 patients with chronic cerebral ischemia. It is found that patients have psychological reactions to a sudden severe illness in the form of hypochondria, depression, psychasthenia, anxiety, development of alexithymia.
The article represents three clinical cases of palatal myoclonus with ataxia which developed in patients after different neurosurgery procedures. All had hypertrophic olivary degeneration, which developed 8 months, 7 months and 8 years after the impact of the disturbing factor, and cerebellar atrophy developed in the first and third patient after 5 and 8 years, respectively. Progressive ataxia and swallowing and speech problems were noted by two patients immediately after the surgery, and several years after the surgery by one patient. Possible neurosurgical causes of palatal myoclonus associated with cerebellar ataxia are discussed.
Hypertension is a risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), the addition of which worsens not only the somatic state of patients, but it also influences the long-term prognosis. The aim of the work is to identify risk factors for CKD in patients with hypertension and to determine the peculiarities of cognitive impairment in this group of patients. 128 patients were examined, 41 % of whom, in addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, had CKD risk factors and a greater frequency and severity of cognitive impairment, which, in general, corresponded to manifestations of the asthenic psychoorganic syndrome.
Hypothyroidism is the most common endocrine disease, and it represents an important medical and social problem. The prevalence of hypothyroidism in the population is very high and ranges from 2.3 % to 9 % of the total population, and in the older age groups of such patients has even higher rates. The article discusses the clinical, demographic and social characteristics of patients with depression, with the presence of hypothyroidism, and without it.
The article presents the features of the onset and course of the psychoorganic syndrome in patients with HIV-associated mental disorders and describes the dynamics of the HIV-mediated psychoorganic syndrome within the framework of biopsychosocial model. Interrelated factors, that influence the dynamics and severity of the psychoorganic syndrome based on the biopsychosocial model, are shown.
The relevance of this study is determined by the widespread prevalence of procrastination among young people. The defined negative consequences of procrastination for the adaptation, mental and physical health of a person make it urgent to develop psycho-correction programs for procrastination and evaluate their effectiveness. The objective of the work is to assess the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural psychotherapy for procrastination. The study involved 56 people, all of them were university students. The article presents data of a two-month correction program for the problems of procrastination. Changes in the state are compared in the group of participants receiving individual correction, and groups without psycho-correction. The effectiveness of the developed psycho-correction program based on the cognitive behavioural approach for problems with procrastination is shown.
The article is devoted to the description of modern approaches to classification, examination of professional suitability, examination concerning the connection of the disease with the profession, medical and social assessment, treatment and prevention of vibratory lesions, and developing handarm vibration syndrome from local and general vibration in industrial workers.
The article is devoted to the problem of occupational reflex symptoms and radicular syndromes associated with physical exertion and functional overstrain. The analysis of prevalence, causes, clinical features, principles of diagnosis and treatment, methodology for connection of chronic lumbosacral radiculopathy with the profession is given.
The impact of noise is an important problem for civil aviation, where the complex effect of adverse occupational factors on the crew members of aircraft is noted, it leads to negative changes in health status and reduced professional performance. Based on the mentioned above information, the purpose of the work was to study the functional state of central and peripheral hearing passages in persons exposed to noise in their work. 20 patients with a diagnosis of sensorineural hearing loss of occupational cause, all of whom were civil aviation workers, were examined in clinical trials. The average age of the examined was 53,6 ± 4,6 years, the average length of service in the conditions of exposure to noise was 23,8 ± 3,6 years. The violation of the functional state of the neurons in the somatosensory region of the cerebral cortex, thalamic structures was found in patients. The central passing time – from the lower parts of the stem to the cortex of the brain – worsens as well. There are demyelinating changes in the distal segment of the median and tibial nerves at the peripheral level. Moreover, changes are observed both in motor and in sensory axons.
