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UDK: 613.62 DOI:10.33920/med-08-2206-02

Hygienic assessment of priority factors of labor conditions in modern medical organizations

Tupikova Dariya Sergeevna PhD Candidate in Medicine, senior lecturer of the Department of Food Hygiene with the course of Hygiene for Children and Adolescents, FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 89, Chapaevskaya str., Samara, 443099, Russian Federation, e-mail: d.s.tupikova@samsmu.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2813-7271
Sazonova Olga Viktorovna PhD in Medicine, associate professor, director of the Institute of Preventive Medicine, FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 89, Chapaevskaya str., Samara, 443099, Russian Federation, o.v.sazonova@samsmu.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4130-492X
Gavryushin Mikhail Yurievich PhD Candidate in Medicine, associate professor of the Department of Food Hygiene with the course of Hygiene for Children and Adolescents, FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 89, Chapaevskaya str., Samara, 443099, Russian Federation, m.yu.gavryushin@samsmu.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0897-7700
Gorbachev Dmitriy Olegovich PhD in Medicine, associate professor of the Department of Food Hygiene with the course of Hygiene for Children and Adolescents, FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 89, Chapaevskaya str., Samara, 443099, Russian Federation, e-mail: d.o.gorbachev@samsmu.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8044-9806
Frolova Oksana Vladimirovna assistant of the Department of Food Hygiene with the course of Hygiene for Children and Adolescents, FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 89, Chapaevskaya str., Samara, 443099, Russian Federation, e-mail: o.v.frolova@samsmu.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7762-8830
Trubetskaya Sabrina Rustamovna assistant of the Department of Food Hygiene with the course of Hygiene for Children and Adolescents, FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 89, Chapaevskaya str., Samara, 443099, Russian Federation, e-mail: s.r.trubeckaya@samsmu.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4988-3441
Nurdina Mariya Sergeevna assistant of the Department of Food Hygiene with the course of Hygiene for Children and Adolescents, FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 89, Chapaevskaya str., Samara, 443099, Russian Federation, e-mail: goremykina_marya@mail.ru

Currently, one of the main tasks of the state and society is to preserve and strengthen the health of the able-bodied population. Employees of medical organizations are exposed to the combined effects of a significant number of harmful occupational factors. In particular, factors of the production environment include biological, chemical and physical, factors of the labor process — tension and severity. Therefore, the study of working conditions of medical personnel is a priority in occupational hygiene. The purpose of the study is to identify the priority production-related and occupational pathology in a medical organization. The object of the study was 1443 maps of special assessment of working conditions, the results of laboratory and instrumental studies of microclimate parameters, lighting (5398 measurements in 60 rooms), air samples for the content of microorganisms (727 samples). According to studies of the conditions and nature of work at the workplaces of medical workers in the studied medical organizations, according to the results of a special assessment of working conditions and their own research, they corresponded to the harmful class 1–3 and for cancer hospital workers of the 4th degree. The level of maximum microbial load in the resident and nursing rooms increased by the middle of the work shift and remained high until the end of the working day. Since the air velocity in the studied rooms was at a very low level, this criterion may be a risk factor for aggravating the course of general somatic pathologies and, as a consequence, the development of production-related morbidity among medical workers. It can also be noted that in 100 % of cases, fungi were detected, with this number decreasing by the end of the working shift, representatives of the genus Staphylococcus, on the contrary, tended to increase from the beginning of the worker to its end. The conditions and nature of the work of medical workers in the studied medical organizations, according to the results of a special assessment of working conditions, corresponded to a harmful class of 1–4 degrees. The 4th degree of the 3rd class of working conditions was due to the work of staff with cytostatic drugs. The microclimatic parameters corresponded to hygienic standards (at low air speeds). In 100 % of cases, fungi and representatives of the genus Staphylococcus were found in all air samples. A detailed study of the species identification of micromycetes in the indoor air showed that the number of micromycetes of the genus Penicillium and Aspergillus significantly exceeded the number of other species.

В настоящее время одной из основных задач государства и общества является сохранение и укрепление здоровья трудоспособного населения. Известны целые комплексы факторов производственной среды и трудового процесса, оказывающие влияние на состояние здоровья работника как положительно, так и отрицательно [1, 2]. При этом стоит отметить, что состояние здоровья медицинских работников имеет стойкую тенденцию к ухудшению в сравнении со среднестатистическими показателями относительно других специальностей, не связанных с медициной. Работники медицинских организаций подвергаются сочетанному воздействию вредных производственных факторов [3, 4]. В частности, факторы производственной среды включают в себя биологические, химические и физические, факторы трудового процесса — напряженности и тяжести. Поэтому изучение условий и характера труда медицинского персонала является приоритетным направлением в гигиене труда [5, 6].

Факторы трудового процесса определяют высокую нервно-эмоциональную напряженность, вызывают перенапряжение анализаторных и других систем организма, связано это в первую очередь с психическими, моральными и этическими перегрузками, уровнем динамически увеличивающейся информации, требующей большого объема оперативной и долговременной памяти [7, 8]. Факторы производственной среды влияют на возникновение заболеваний органов дыхания, кожи и подкожной клетчатки, опорно-двигательного аппарата, заболеваний органов кровообращения и кроветворной системы, вызываемых постоянным воздействием лекарственных препаратов, дезинфицирующих средств (химический фактор), биологических агентов (биологический фактор) и ионизирующих, неионизирующих излучений (физический фактор), обладающих канцерогенной активностью [9, 10].

Поэтому изучение условий и характера труда является приоритетным направлением в гигиене труда, в частности среди медицинского персонала.

Цель исследования — анализ условий труда работников медицинских учреждений для выявления приоритетной патологии, возникающей на фоне воздействия неблагоприятных факторов и разработки мероприятий для профилактики заболеваемости.

For citation:
Tupikova Dariya Sergeevna, Sazonova Olga Viktorovna, Gavryushin Mikhail Yurievich, Gorbachev Dmitriy Olegovich, Frolova Oksana Vladimirovna, Trubetskaya Sabrina Rustamovna, Nurdina Mariya Sergeevna, Hygienic assessment of priority factors of labor conditions in modern medical organizations. Sanitary Doctor. 2022;6.
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