In modern energy supply conditions, when the economies of countries largely depend on the efficient use of energy resources, the problem of commercial electricity losses is becoming particularly relevant. Commercial losses represent the difference between the amount of electricity produced at power plants and the amount of electricity actually paid for by consumers. These losses can occur for various reasons, including technical, organizational, and human factors. It is important to note that commercial losses not only damage the financial performance of energy companies, but also negatively affect the stability and reliability of energy supply in general.

Improving the reliability and uninterrupted operation of electric power systems requires the introduction of modern methods for diagnosing the condition of substation equipment. Traditional examination methods are often associated with risks for personnel, the need to turn off equipment, and high labor intensity. This article presents an innovative approach to substation inspection based on the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with television and ultraviolet (UV) cameras, combined with artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. The method allows remote, safe and prompt detection of critical defects, such as overheating of contact connections and live parts due to overload or overvoltage (through television monitoring), as well as breakdown and degradation of insulation (through UV detection of corona discharges and partial discharges). AI integration provides automation of processing large amounts of data, improving diagnostic accuracy, minimizing the influence of the human factor and forming predictive models of equipment condition. The results of the pilot projects demonstrate a significant increase in the efficiency of scheduled preventive maintenance and a reduction in the risk of emergency shutdowns.

The issues of parametric diagnostics of metrological reliability of IPUE split — execution are considered. A methodology has been developed based on checking IPUE directly in operation without dismantling the device. This approach minimizes verification costs and significantly reduces power outages.

The article analyzes the history of the development of computerization, in which the first stage is characterized by the transition from personal computers (PCs) and laptops to smartphones. The second stage of computerization was the transition from a tablet to a multimedia machine. The hardware and development capabilities of Russian lithographs are considered. The characteristics of the software and the choice of computer architecture in the foreign and domestic markets, as well as the possibilities of its development, are given.

The article consider the main legislative changes of 2025 and trends in the field of safety. The main aspects of legislative changes in labor protection will affect first aid kits, personal protective equipment, medical examinations, financing of labor protection measures, special assessment of working conditions, inspections. The material also presents the main changes in industrial safety and trends in the field of safety.

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are devices with a dimension of about 1 mm, which include sensors (sensors), control systems, actuators (actuators). The dynamics of the development of MEMS has been traced, starting from the 60s and up to the present, based on the predominant use of silicon and silicon carbide, taking into account the miniaturization of semiconductor devices, integrated circuits and intelligent IGBT modules. Structural and active materials, as well as technologies of MEMS devices, are considered. The data on LIGA technology (matrix microcoping technology) and SIGA technology, which uses ultraviolet lithography, electroplating and molding, are presented. The designs of MEMS devices and their principles of operation are described.