One of the main tasks for dairy cattle breeding is to increase milk production as the most demanded food product. At present, there is a tendency in Russia to reduce the number of dairy cattle with an increase in its productivity. This is achieved through the development of innovations and the introduction of new promising technologies: modern milking parlors, milk cooling systems, milking robots, advanced systems and technology of feeding, artifi cial insemination, breeding achievements, etc. The realization of the genetic potential of a highly productive cow during the period of increasing the milk yield is possible with the correct organization of feeding in the dry and after calving periods. There is often at these stages a negative energy balance. It is necessary to constantly search for means that contribute to the increase of metabolic energy of the ration. The energy feed additive “Avatar” which has been tested by us in the experiment has a stimulating digestive system, anti-gastroparesis and antiketosis properties. As a result of feeding the additive the cows of the experimental groups during the period of increasing the milk yield daily milk yield was higher by 1,9 and 4,0 kg compared to the control group, which for the entire period of experience amounted to 114–240 kg of milk per cow. In monetary terms, this is equal to 45,22–95,2 Rub per 1 head per day. According to the results of the experiment, we recommend feeding the energy feed additive “Avatar” for 20 days before calving at a dose of 500 g, during the fresh period of 700 g, then until the third month of lactation 500 g per head per day.

Protein feeding of highly productive dairy cows especially at the peak of lactation, is one of the most diffi cult problems in the organization of complete feeding. Most dairy farms use protein sources in feeding lactating cows that do not meet the needs of highly productive animals in terms of both protein content and composition. One of the promising methods of regulating the quality of protein composition in rations is the use of compound feed or protein additives with diff erent protein digestibility. With special treatment of protein feed, it is not broken down in the rumen, and enters the intestine, where it breaks down into amino acids. In the small intestine amino acids are absorbed into the blood. The purpose of the research was to study the metabolic processes in the cows during the period of increasing the milk yield when using a drug that reduces the degradability of the protein of the ration. The data have been obtained on the change in the content of nitrogen fractions in the rumen of cows suggests that the decrease in the level of degradable protein did not have a negative infl uence on the course of fermentation processes in the rumen and contributed to better digestion of feed. The metabolism of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus has been more productive in the experimental groups of cows. Metabolism in animals of experimental groups had a more intensive focus on the absorption of nutrients of the ration. Thus, the use of the drug “Novatan 50”, which reduces the degradability of protein in the ration, had a positive eff ect on the metabolism of nitrogen, minerals and has been increased the use of energy in the body of cows. Hematological and biochemical studies of the blood of experimental animals have been showed that the metabolism of the cows of the experimental groups had a more intense focus on the absorption of nutrients of the ration.

Studies of the infl uence of medium and high levels of concentrated feed on the fattening and meat traits of steers of Aberdeen Angus breed have been carried out. For the experiment two groups (15 heads) of steers have been formed at the age of 3 months, the animals have been selected according to the principle of analogues. Fattening of young animals has been carried out from 6 to 12 months. The control group of animals has received an farm ration in the form of total ration mixture with used an average level of concentrates, which was 36–38 %, depending on the age of animals. In the experimental group steers after adaptation had free access to consumed feed, as a result of which the level of concentrates in the ration was high and reached 59–61 %. It has been found on the basis of the conducted studies that fattening with the high level of concentrates does not adversely aff ect the physiological state of the adapted organism of growing animals and contributes to the increase in the meat productivity of young animals. The average daily gain of live weight of steers of the experimental group during the experiment was an average of 1268 g, which is 31 % higher than in the control group. At the same time the live weight of the steers at the end of the experiment at the age of 12 months in the experimental group was 435 kg, which was by 23 % higher than in the animals of the control group, respectively. The slaughter yield in steers in the studied groups was within the limits of 59,4–63,0 %, and the slaughter yield in the animals of the experimental group was higher by 3,6 %.

One of the main and most diffi cult problems of modern animal husbandry is the organization of a complete feeding of young pigs at all stages of their rearing. Barley without fi lms especially naked barley is a valuable raw material when feeding pigs, therefore the study of productive activity diets, which included this culture, is important now. The researches have been carried out in the breeding farm of Large White breed in the educational and experimental farm of the Tyumen State Agricultural Academy. The data on the use in the grain composition when rearing of replacement gilts of Large White breed the grain of chaff y barley and hullless barley have been presented in the article. Digestibility of dry matter of diets containing hulless barley was 79,88 %, which by 1,23 % higher than in diets, which included grain chaff y barley. A similar regularity has been observed in the digestibility of all nutrients. The live weight of replacement gilts have been fed the hullless barley has increased by 13,7 %, the average daily live weight gain by 16,2 %, compared with the young animals, where the composition of diets has been included chaff y barley. Thus, the use of hulless barley in the diets of replacement gilts of Large White breed under the conditions of breeding farm enhanced the digestibility of nutrients of diets and live weight of young pigs.

The content of metabolic energy in feed is one of the most important indicators that determine feed consumption and productivity of poultry. The results of the research on broiler chickens on the use of compound feed with the reduced level of metabolic energy have been presented in the article. Their infl uence on growth, development, meat productivity and economic eff ectiveness of meat production has been studied. When balancing the compound feed in the experimental groups in accordance with the scheme of experiment were reduced energy nutritional value of the diet by 10, 20 and 30 kcal and the corresponding coeffi cient of all nutrients. Feeding the broiler chickens developed feed contributed to the production of less live weight at the end of the growing period in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups of roosters by 2,99; 6,44 (P < 0,01) and 11,22 % (P < 0,01), female chicks by 1,56; 4,22 (P < 0,05) and 5,46 % (P < 0,05), respectively, compared with the control group. At the same time, the average daily feed consumption of broiler chickens of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups have increased in comparison with the control groups by 1,49–2,30–4,60 % respectively. The decrease in the energy nutritional value of compound feed contributed to a smaller accumulation of internal fat in carcasses in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups by 20,4–41,9–30,0 % in comparison with the control group, resulting in more dietary carcasses of broiler chickens. The change in the composition of compound feed has resulted in a decrease in the cost of 1 ton of compound feed in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups in comparison with the control group to 9,9, 19,1 and 28,6 %, which resulted in a reduction in meat production costs to 13,4 % and an increase in profi tability to 1,9 %.

At the present stage of development of physiological science, a special place is given to the clarifi cation of fundamental mechanisms of providing vital functions of the body of productive animals. This will allow us to develop new and improve existing technologies of animal reproduction based on the regularities of growth and development of pigs. At present, in the practice of animal husbandry there is often a need for a directed infl uence on the metabolic processes, including the use of biologically active substances. Among these new ways of exposure is the use of a new generation of adaptogens, which include lithium ascorbate. The purpose of the work wa to develop a new more eff ective and physiological way to deal with any forms of stress in pregnant pigs. The experiment has been carried out on 5 groups of pregnant sows of Irish Landrace breed on the second farrow (4 experimental groups and 1 control) on 5 heads in each. After 30 days after the eff ective insemination the sows has been obtained the lithium ascorbate with feed in the form of a powder at a dose of 10; 5; 2; 0.5 mg/kg of live weight. It has been established that the input in feed of sows ascorbate lithium exhibits a expressed adaptogenic and stress-protection properties and helps to enhance hematopoiesis in the whole period of gestation, increase the body’s resistance against infectious agents. Lithium ascorbate contributes to the increase of non-specifi c resistance, the intensity of growth of pregnant sows, is a protector against technological and spontaneous stressors.

At the present time when the issue of import substitution of agricultural products is acute, increasing the quantity and quality of milk is relevant. The dynamics of quality indicators of milk when using mineral additives ProSid and Mineral Active in diff erent periods of cows housing. It has been found that the best performance indicators have been observed in cows of the 3rd experimental group, which received feed additive Mineral Active. They had yield of milk higher by 345,2 kg or 4,0 % (compared with the 2nd experimental group) and 692,7 kg or 8,0 % (compared with the 1st control group at P ≤ 0,01). Milk of cows of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups has been characterized by high fat and protein content in milk with a high level of signifi cance (P ≤ 0,001). The highest content of dry matter and its components in milk has been found in cows of the 2nd experimental group, which in the form of mineral feed additives have been used ProSid. The diff erence in these indicators was signifi cant between the 1st control and the 2nd experimental groups in favor of the 2nd group at P ≤ 0,05–0.001. A signifi cant diff erence in the chemical composition and physical and chemical properties of milk between the 1st control and the 3rd experimental groups in favor of cows of the 3rd group at P ≤ 0,05–0,001 has been established. The increase in the amount of dry matter and its components in milk in the summer camp-stall period is associated with the course of lactation. This is a natural change in the composition of milk, which has been observed with a decrease in the productivity of cows in the second half of lactation after the end of the period of increasing the milk yield. The increased content of dry matter and its components in milk is associated with the use of mineral feed additives of adsorbing action in the feeding of cows.

The use of new and improvement of existing technologies procurement of fodder and their preparation for feeding, is the basis for increasing the milk productivity of cattle. The studies have been conducted in the educational and experimental farm of the Tyumen State Agricultural Academy. The analysis of the technological operation of harvesting and conservation of forage crops has been given. The highest milk yields has been obtained from cows of the 1st experimental group, in the ration of which 50 % of the grain fodder has been replaced by the same amount of grain fodder in fl attened form. During the period of increasing the milk yield from cows of this group milk with natural fat content has been obtained by 181 kg or 10.9 % more than in the control group, and milk fat by 12,3 kg or 16.7 %, respectively. The milk yields were also higher in cows of the 2nd experimental group, in the ration of which 100 % of the grain fodder has been replaced by the same amount of grain fodder in fl attened form by 6,3 kg or 10.0 % compared to the control group. Thus, it can be concluded that feeding to cows of grain fodder in fl attened form increases milk productivity, as the average daily milk yield, so the fat content and the output of milk fat during the period of increasing the milk yield.

The development of unique honey resources of the Republic of Tajikistan, concentrated in the Central zone, as well as adjacent territories of the country, largely depends on the eff ective use of the Carpathian breed of bees, which has taken root in this region. The biological, economic useful indicators and traits families-teachers, mother and father’s families, biochemical criteria qualitative and quantitative indicators of the body Queen Bees of the Carpathian breed at use of stimulating feeding with probiotic Subtilben have been identifi ed in the paper. On the basis of comparative studies, it can be argued that the optimal dose with the maximum stimulating eff ect of the brood feeding refl ex in maternal families is 1 g, and in paternal 1,5 g of the probiotic Subtilben per 1 liter of sugar syrup. With age increase of the grafting of larvae, the relative proportion of their reception with family and educators on the fallopian breastfeeding decreases. Under artifi cial getting Queen Bees to use for the grafting of larvae in the 12 h feeding of a nurse colony stimulating feeding with probiotic Subtilben. With the artifi cial getting of Queen Bees in May and June, it is necessary to produce a stimulating fertilizer of nurse colonies of probiotic preparation Subtilben. This will contribute to the production of conditioned live weight of Queen Bees. The use of stimulating additive, containing probiotic drug Subtilben, allows us to obtain high quality sets that, when replanting in bee colonies reproduce working individuals with a high honey gathering and nest building capacity, which increases the yield of marketable honey and wax. It has been established that feeding bee colonies by sugar syrup with probiotic Subtilben, compared with families that received only sugar syrup, allows you to increase profi ts in the sale of products and signifi cantly increase the level of profi tability of production of beekeeping.