The causes of occupational nephropathy can be production factors of both chemical and physical nature. Thus, occupational toxic nephropathy can be caused by heavy metals and their compounds (mercury, lead, cadmium, lithium, bismuth, gold, etc.), arsenic compounds, organic solvents (carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethane, ethylene glycol, etc.), various pesticides (organomercury, organochlorine and phosphorus compounds), betanaphthol, etc. Occupational nephropathies are caused by such physical factors as radiation damage, exposure to high and low temperatures of the industrial environment, hypothermia. In addition, malignant neoplasms of the bladder (bladder cancer) take a significant place among the occupational lesions of the kidneys and urinary tract. Chemicals with proven carcinogenic effects include aromatic amino compounds (benzidine, dianisidine, 2-naphthylamine) used in the manufacture of dyes.

Emotional burnout syndrome is a specific type of professional deformation of persons who are forced to closely communicate with people during the performance of their duties. The current works on this issue are built mainly in the logic of the psychophysiological approach. Meanwhile, it seems quite obvious that in the applied aspect, socio-psychological factors are of significant importance in the context of the problem of emotional burnout. prevention should include both personal aspects (starting with psychological examination and ending with individual psychological consultations) and issues of rational organization of work. On a personal level, it is necessary to promote and create conditions for physical development, the formation of high self-esteem, self-confidence, one’s abilities and capabilities, optimistic attitudes, a culture of relaxation and experience in overcoming professional stress.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a method for detecting antigens and antibodies in biological fluids. The method is characterized by high accuracy and sensitivity, and allows determining not only the qualitative, but also the quantitative composition of antigens and antibodies in the body. In medicine, enzyme immunoassay is used to detect diseases that are provoked by microorganisms of various classes, from viruses to parasites, as well as to diagnose autoimmune diseases.

The purpose of this study is to determine the prognostic value of factor signs for the effectiveness of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy in patients with severe COVID-19. Materials and methods: The frequency of cerebrovascular complications in severe COVID-19, the background of comorbid conditions of the cardiovascular continuum, the levels of hemostasis and inflammation markers were studied. Results: With a sum of prognostic indicators equal to 2.7, the probability of developing cerebrovascular complications is less than 1%. With a prognostic indicator equal to 34.41, the probability of developing cerebrovascular complications approaches 100%. Conclusions: The proposed prognostic scale, which takes into account the pathogenetic features of the relationship between markers of inflammation and coagulation, should be used in the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19 to identify the cohort of patients at high risk of developing cerebrovascular complications by summing the prognostic indicators depending on the presence of comorbid conditions of the cardiovascular continuum and the levels of markers of inflammation and thrombosis.

The article analyzes the importance of conducting diagnostic studies in the practice of an ENT doctor. The purpose of the study: to analyze the effectiveness of modern algorithms for allergy diagnostics using molecular genetic methods and their importance for an ENT doctor.

Some COVID-19 patients develop post-COVID syndrome, in the pathogenesis of which there are disorders in the respiratory, immune, and nervous systems. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Alvenorm forte and Roncoleukin® in patients with post-COVID syndrome undergoing outpatient rehabilitation. The studies were carried out in outpatient clinics in Semey from October 2021 to March 2022. The immunological studies were carried out in the laboratory of the Semey Medical University. Methods: 26 patients with post-COVID syndrome and 30 donors were included in a controlled, open, non-randomized clinical trial. All patients received the drug Alvenorm forte daily for 30 days and Roncoleukin® 250,000 IU subcutaneously every three days (10-12 injections). The studies of the phenotype of blood cells were carried out by the ELISA method with a set of monoclonal antibodies. All patients with COVID-19 had shortness of breath, tachycardia, and neurological symptoms. High neutrophil count, leukopenia, lymphopenia, monocytopenia, a relative increase in T helper cells, and a decrease in B and NK cells were observed in the blood. After the rehabilitation, dyspnea and tachycardia disappeared in most patients, with a significant decrease in neurological manifestations. After the rehabilitation, the main indicators of blood and immune status were restored. Conclusions: post-COVID syndrome was accompanied by shortness of breath, tachycardia, neurological symptoms, and immune deficiency. The use of Alvenorm forte and Roncoleukin® made it possible to stop respiratory and immune deficiency, tachycardia, and neurological symptoms. Our data are consistent with the results of immunorehabilitation.