Relevance: despite the available methods and medicines, rhinosinusitis occupies a leading place in the structure of diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Rhinosinusitis can be a consequence of respiratory viral infections, can be an independent nosological unit. In recent years, there has been a protracted course of rhinosinusitis with a long recovery period with chronic inflammation in the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. Purpose of the study: to analyze the validity and effectiveness of therapeutic approaches to the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis using the Polydexa with phenylephrinum nasal spray with phenylephrine Materials and мethods: The study included 121 patients — 61 (50.41 %) women and 60 (49.59 %) men aged 25 to 50 years, a history of chronic rhinosinusitis in the stage of clinical exacerbation at the time of the study. All patients underwent: otorhinolaryngological examination, general clinical and radiological (radiography or computed / magnetic resonance imaging of the paranasal sinuses). Cytological examination of the detachable nasal cavity was carried out to study the calculation of the relative number of neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, epithelial cells, lymphocytes. Microbiological examination of the detachable nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses included the study of the qualitative and quantitative composition of pathogenic and opportunistic organisms on the surface of the nasal mucosa. Results: in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis in the stage of clinical exacerbation, an increase in the relative content of inflammatory elements was revealed in the nasal secretion against the background of the prevailing content of pathogenic staphylococci and streptococci. The use of topical preparations containing antibacterial components of a broad antimicrobial spectrum of action, dexamethasone, phenylephrine hydrochloride helps to relieve inflammation on the surface of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Conclusions: a method of treating chronic rhinosinusitis in the stage of clinical exacerbation using a combined preparation for topical application containing neomycin sulfate, polymyxin B sulfate, dexamethasone sodium metasulfobenzoate, phenylephrine hydrochloride has a pronounced anti-inflammatory, decongestant, antibacterial effect

Researches of concentration and activity of lysozyme at fi ngerlings, yearlings and two-year of the pike perch of the fi rst generation who is grown up in installations of the closed cycle of water supply recirculation aquaculture systems are conducted. Researches were conducted in the fall or in the spring, applying standard techniques. It has been as a result established that at the fi rst stage of a domestikation the season of year exerts impact on concentration and activity of lysozyme.

The intensity and duration of preservation of the immune response to viral hepatitis B after vaccination among the medical staff of the polyclinic was studied. Some features of postvaccinal immunity in medical staff were revealed. In 39.2 % of the surveyed, postvaccinal antibodies were not detected or their level was lower than protective, which is the basis for a course of vaccinations against the HV virus in this group of persons in the absence of contraindications for vaccination. The intensity of post-vaccination immunity to the HV virus among different groups of medical personnel of the polyclinic depends on the type of professional activity.

The organism of productive animals has being exposed to numerous natural and manmade influences in the industrial production. Each of them is a definite destabilizing factor for the physiological functioning of the body. The biological and physiological status of sows when used in their diet of natural feed additive MPFA-1 has been studied, the dynamics of the indices of nonspecific resistance of the organism of sows during lactation has been defined. Analysis of the state of humoral factors of natural resistance indicates about an increase in the bactericidal activity of the blood serum of experimental animals compared to controls by 5,87%. Lysozyme activity of the blood serum for the same period in the experimental animals was higher by 9,15% (P < 0,001) than the intact sows. It has been established the stimulating effect of natural feed additives MPFA-1 on the values characterizing cellular immunity. The sows of the experimental group had phagocytic activity of leukocytes higher by 15,81% (P < 0,05) than the control group. The difference in favor of the sows of the experimental group on the phagocytic index and the phagocytic number was 19,5 and 37,57%, respectively.

According to literature data, anxiety and depressive disorders are the most common mental diseases worldwide. Currently, a hypothesis of possible immune metabolic regulation of the central nervous system was put forward. The authors evaluated the indicators of humoral, cellular, and metabolic immunity in patients suffering from mixed anxiety and depressive disorder, who were under the supervision of a psychiatrist at the day hospital of the Voronezh Regional Clinical Psychoneurological Dispensary. Indicators of anxiety and depression were assessed by means of psychometric method, clinical interview, and clinical psychopathological examination, and the indicators of immune and metabolic status were examined. It was found that symptoms of anxiety and depression were accompanied by changes in immune and metabolic status. It is supposed that variations in clinical, immunological, and metabolic parameters are coordinated elements of a single pathogenetic mechanism for the formation of anxiety-depressive spectrum disorders.

A study of changes in some immunological parameters of fish blood serum depending on the average monthly air temperature was carried out. The studies were carried out on bream aged 3+, with an average weight of 375 ± 30 g and a length of 290 ± 20 cm, caught in the Volga reach of the Rybinsk reservoir. The fish were caught using fixed nets in February for several years and the average monthly air temperature was recorded. The studied fish were sampled from the tail vein. Blood was collected in a dry sterile test tube and kept at room temperature. After blood coagulation and retraction of the clot, the serum was taken with a syringe with a fine needle and transferred to another tube. To assess the state of natural immunity in the blood serum, the level of bactericidal activity and nonspecific immune complexes was analyzed. Based on the data obtained, the number of immunodeficient individuals was determined. Variations of the studied parameters in years different in average monthly air temperature were established. The greatest differences between the indicators were revealed in the years with the highest (2003) and lowest (2006) mean monthly temperatures. The minimum indicators of bactericidal activity were recorded in 2003, and the maximum — in 2006. The highest content of immune complexes and immunodeficient individuals was established in 2003, and the lowest in 2006. The study showed the relationship between an increase in the average monthly air temperature and a decrease in functional activity nonspecific humoral immunity. Based on the data obtained, it was concluded that the temperature factor influences the mechanisms of innate immunity of fish.

The article describes the features of the state of the immune profile and cytokine regulation in vibration disease associated with exposure to local vibration and its combination with osteoarthritis. The prognostic value of changes in the immune profile and cytokine regulation in vibration disease from exposure to local vibration and its combination with osteoarthritis has been established. It has been proven that when exposed to industrial vibration, there is a change in the main indicators of cellular immunity and cytokine regulation, which characterize the state of the immune system in vibration disease from exposure to local vibration. Notably, these changes are most pronounced in second-degree vibration disease from exposure to local vibration and its combination with osteoarthritis.

The article describes the features of the state of the immune profile and cytokine regulation in vibration disease associated with exposure to local vibration and its combination with osteoarthritis. The prognostic value of changes in the immune profile and cytokine regulation in vibration disease from exposure to local vibration and its combination with osteoarthritis has been established. It has been proven that when exposed to industrial vibration, there is a change in the main indicators of cellular immunity and cytokine regulation, which characterize the state of the immune system in vibration disease from exposure to local vibration. Notably, these changes are most pronounced in second-degree vibration disease from exposure to local vibration and its combination with osteoarthritis.

Today the priority direction in therapy of moderately severe and severe forms of psoriasis is phototherapy and, in particular, narrowband UVB has relatively high efficacy and safety, proven in numerous studies. There is evidence of the successful use of this type of phototherapy in combination with cytotoxic drugs. However, studies on the effectiveness of combined use of Leflunomide and UVB 311 нм that sense from the perspective of the treatment of psoriasis smooth skin, and early signs of arthritis psoriaticescom to the present study was not undertaken. Materials and methods. In clinical conditions was carried out examination and treatment of 36 patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: in 23 (64%) ductility, 13 (36%) — antitime. All patients underwent clinical examination methods that meet the standards for this pathology, and special methods have included the determination of cytokines (IL 1β, IL 2, IL 4, IL 8, IFN-γ, TNF-α). Depending on the conducted treatment, the patients were divided into two comparable on the basic parameters, group: 1 group (main) — 20 patients with psoriasis received narrowband UVB (UVB 311 nm) and Leflunomide 10 mg daily for 20 days. Group 2 (comparison) — 16 patients received UV — b irradiation narrow spectrum with a maximum emission at 311 нм. Results of the study. On average in the first group the decrease in PASI scores was 93.4% (of 1,8 ± 0,2 points) in the second group PASI decreased to 73,7% (7,1 ± 0,6 points). Combination therapy including the use of medium wave narrowband phototherapy and Leflunomide causes the correction of immune imbalance in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in the ratio of subpopulations of T-lymphocytes, and most importantly Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL8 and TNF-α, Pro-inflammatory response and immunoregulatory cytokine — IFN-γ have an important pathogenetic role in psoriasis. Combination therapy causes a high therapeutic effect both in terms of the skin and psoriatic arthritis (ductility, intesity), which allows to recommend it for wide application in clinical practice.

In patients with rhinosinusitis polyposa, activation of type 2 eosinophilic inflammation with an increase in serum concentrations of interleukins 4, 5, and 13 and immunoglobulins A, M, G, and E is noted. At the same time, the relationship between these indicators and the quality of life of the patient is sharply intensified, which indicates the appearance of pathological correlation pleiades. The drug Dupilumab has a normalizing effect on the inflammatory component of the disease and optimizes the cytokine regulation of humoral immunity. The additional use of an alternating magnetic field somewhat enhances these effects, whereas the maximum therapeutic effect was provided by the use of the drug, an alternating magnetic field, and low‑intensity infrared laser therapy.

The article presents results of a study on the effectiveness of using lowfrequency ultrasound and photochromotherapy in the complex treatment of patients with chronic bacterial and viral rhinosinusitis. The study involved 69 people aged 18 to 55 years: 39 (56.83 %) women and 30 (45.11 %) men with chronic rhinosinusitis during the period of clinical exacerbation and concomitant chronic tonsillitis without exacerbation. All patients included in the study underwent X-ray examination or computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the paranasal sinuses. 100 % of the patients were examined for the presence of antibodies to Human gammaherpesvirus 4 (ELISA), had study of blood serum for IgM and IgG and test to determine the avidity of Ig G antibodies to γ-herpesviruses. The obtained data indicate the effectiveness of including low-frequency ultrasound and photochromotherapy in the complex treatment of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and concomitant chronic tonsillitis of bacterial and viral nature without exacerbation.

Full value feeding is crucial in the realization of genetic potential of birds. Feed additives containing various components, vitamins, micro and macronutrients, enzymes, probiotics, antibiotics, antioxidants, sorbents, immunostimulators are currently widely used in feeding of birds. The aim of this work was to study the possibility of using the drug Phyzyme XP 5000 G in feeding the goslings-broilers and its influence on growth rate and some indicators of cellular immunity. The results of studies on the eff ect of enzyme drug Phyzyme XP 5000 G on growth and immunological parameters of blood goslings-broilers have been given. The results show that in all age periods the goslings-broilers experimental group surpassed their herdmates from the control group. Thus, cellular factors of natural resistance of goslings consumed the drug Phyzyme XP 5000 G at doses of 50, 100 and 150 g/t in compound feeds, were more expressed, i.e. the goslings of the experimental group had greater resilience and adaptability in comparison with the control herdmates. It has been found by the studies that feeding to the goslings-broilers enzyme drug Phyzyme XP 5000 G in the composition of the complete feed has a positive eff ect on the dynamics of their live weight and condition of cellular immunity factors.

In modern aquaculture, probiotic drugs are used to increase the immunologically determined natural resistance of the fish body, regulate their immune homeostasis, prevent stress, prevent diseases and form normal intestinal microflora of fish at all stages of development. The use of these drugs in compound feeds can solve a number of problems related to the immunological and physiological state of the fish body, affecting the antimicrobial activity expressed by the secretion of antimicrobial peptides, suppression of bacterial invasion, and prevention of adhesion of pathogenic microorganisms to epithelial cells. In addition, the drugs will help to improve the barrier function, expressed by an increase in mucus production, strengthening the integrity of the epithelial barrier. This article presents information about the experimental study of the effect of a probiotic drug on the enterosorbent “Ecoflor” on the dynamics of bactericidal activity of blood serum, the concentration of nonspecific immune complexes in blood serum and immunocompetent organs, the number of immunodeficient individuals, as well as on the level of C-reactive protein of the Russian Lena sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstadtii x Acipenser baeri). It was found that the use of a probiotic drug in experimental dosages of 5–9 g/kg of compound feed has an effect on the indicators of nonspecific humoral immunity. Thus, the Russian-Lena sturgeon, grown on compound feeds with probiotic on enterosorbent, had an increased level of BABS and the absence of IMD of individuals. In addition, the probiotic contributed to a decrease in the concentration of nonspecific immune complexes in the blood serum and immunocompetent organs of the Russian-Lena sturgeon, and the results of the analysis for SRB allowed us to conclude that the drug used does not cause inflammatory reactions in the body of sturgeon fish.

The apparatus «Spectrum», providing light and magnetic influence on erythrocytes of blood if his exposure on the skin over the vein. The physical fields. caused the staff , contributes to the divergence of the «coin columns» and sludge of red blood cells. After a 10 minute exposure apparatus of the «monetary column» and sludge may break down to individual cells, restores tissue respiration, which promotes the release of leukocytes and increased cellular immunity. The mechanism of reducing the adhesion of peripheral blood erythrocytes under the influence of red light with frequencies between 630–680 nm and a constant magnetic field produced by the machine «Spectrum» can be considered similar the effect of low-intensity laser irradiation of blood.

The ability of animals to realize their biological potential depends on many factors, in particularly on the state of nonspecific resistance. Natural resistance expresses the ability of an organism to resist the adverse effects of environmental factors on the genetic level. The effect of integrated use of immunomodulators Gamavit and Eleutherococcus Extract in different dosages on the level of natural resistance of Holstein cattle of Black-and-White breed of the German selection has been studied. It has been established that the level of nonspecific immunity is influenced by such factors as the period of increasing the milk yield and the use of drugs that exert an equivalent influence. For example, the factor of the period of increasing the milk yield has influenced by 12.85%, and factor the use of drugs by 12,21%, the combined effect of these factors made up by 12,36%.

The pandemic of the new COVID-19 infection has had an impact on the epidemic process of most known infectious diseases. Given the high pandemic potential and the economic damage caused by influenza and SARS, the assessment of the prevalence of these infections in modern realities seems relevant. Aim: to assess the current manifestations of the epidemic process of SARS and influenza during the COVID-19 pandemic. Official statistics data were used to study the manifestations of epidemic processes of influenza and SARS. For serological examination, blood serum samples from conditionally healthy adults (N=270) collected in February 2022 were used. The titer of IgG antibodies to strains of influenza virus H1N1 pnm09, influenza H3N2, influenza B (Phuket), influenza B (Washington) was determined using a hemagglutination inhibition reaction. The samples were examined by enzyme immunoassay for the presence of IgG antibodies to adenovirus, respiratory syncytial (RS) virus, metapneumovirus, rhinovirus and parainfluenza viruses of types 1 and 3. Against the background of the development of the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in the incidence of influenza has been established to a maximum value in 2021 (65.99 per 100 thousand population). The prevalence of influenza in the capital was 4.6 times higher than the average in Russia (14.96 per 100 thousand population). A significant proportion of persons immune to the influenza virus (more than 60 %) with a maximum value for the influenza B virus was identified, which is consistent with the data on the prevalence of this variant of the pathogen in the etiological interpretation of the incidence in 2021. Among the pathogens of ARVI, the maximum proportion of seropositive was detected to rhinovirus (77.8 %), which corresponds to the data on the greatest prevalence of this pathogen in the etiological structure of this group of infections. The active circulation of the influenza virus and the vaccination of the population became the basis for the formation of a high level of population immunity to the corresponding virus, which was shown by the results of the assessment of the prevalence of specific IgG antibodies.

When penetration of gastric ulcers of the stomach wall is destroyed along with the lymphatic network in the area of the ulcer. Lymphotropic opacification of the lymph vessels of the stomach wall were used for the diagnosis of penetrating ulcers. Studies of morpho-functional state of the stomach in patients with different localization of ulcer process demonstrated their importance in predicting the flow of gastric ulcers. Studies indicators changes of the lymphatic system and the morphological and functional state of the stomach in patients with different localization of ulcer process demonstrated their importance in predicting the flow of gastric ulcers. The proposed system of forecast evaluation of the severity of the patient reveals the risk of disease with complicated peptic ulcer disease to justify the treatment method, indications for surgery and to predict the outcome of treatment.

Currently, studying the role of microbiome in the realization of antiviral mechanisms is a relevant issue, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is known that microbiome disrupts the life cycle of viruses in the human organism cells at different stages and stimulates both innate and specific immune response. Such factors as delivery by cesarean section, artificial feeding of a child, early use of antibacterial agents, age-related changes lead to the development of dysbiosis, which increases the body’s susceptibility to viral infections. A positive role of probiotics use is observed in a range of viral infections, including HIV, HPV infection, viral hepatitis, respiratory infections and a number of other diseases.

Productivity and livability of poultry largely depends on the metabolism and the immune system. Feed additives used in poultry diets can have a significant impact on the power of the immune system. The addition to the basic ration of broiler chickens Tocsfin in an amount of 0,11% and Probitocs in a dose of 0,10% by weight of complete feed had not the same effect on the course of metabolic processes in the body. The most pronounced anabolic metabolism character has been marked in the group in addition of Probitocs. It was characterized by an increase in the blood of poultry content of hemoglobin by 22,3% at 28 days and 3,7% at the age of 39 days, the total protein content by 6,6 and 11,7%, glucose by 3,2 and 24,8%, total lipids by 7,9 and 18,6%, β-lipoprotein by 71,6 and 12,6%. However feed additive Tocsfin in the diet of broilers provided the highest titer of antibodies to infectious bursal disease, which in comparison with the control group at the age of 39 days was 3,0 times higher, to infectious bronchitis by 1,8 times, Probitocs has provided the difference in 2,4 and 1,5, respectively. At 4 days of age the highest antibody titer to Newcastle disease when diluted 1 : 64 was observed in the III trial group with Probitoсs feed additive, in the control and the II trial group with addition Tocsfin – 1 :

128. At 39 days age the maximum titer at 1 : 64 dilution occurred in the group with the feed additive Tocsfin in the control group and feed additive Probitocs – 1 : 32, which provided 60,0 and 50,0 percent protection of birds, respectively. During the period of rearing and fattening of broiler chickens in the control group and with the addition of Tocsfin at the same feed expenses rate of absolute weight gain of poultry 2157,47 g and 2145,94 g has been obtained, in the group with the addition of Probitocs 2305,25 g or 6,8% higher that reduced the cost of feed by 6,4%.

Impaired functioning of the immune system against the background of viral and bacterial diseases contributes to the generalization of inflammatory processes, the development of complications, and asthenia. Immunomax is the recommended preparation for correcting immune disorders. The active ingredient is Acid Peptidoglycan from Potato Sprouts with a molecular weight of 1000-40,000 kD; Registration number: P N001919 / 02. Immunomax® stimulates the expression of genes of signaling receptors of immunity, which increases their sensitivity of immunocytes to pathogens of different nature and causes an adequate immune response in the body in the presence of the pathogen.