The results of a comprehensive multi-factor analysis of updated information
about the demographic situation in rural settlements of the Russian Federation
and working conditions in the agricultural sector of the economy are presented.
It is shown that in the period from 2010 to 2018, stable population growth was
registered only in 20.8 % of rural municipalities, while 79.2 % of settlements
were characterized by a decrease in rural residents. Along with depopulation,
critical for the sustainable development of rural areas is a prevailing explicit
deformation of the age structure of the population and associated growth of
demographic burden on the able-bodied rural population due to low birth rate and
high death rate of men of working age, as well as the continuing migration
outflow of the economically active population in the regional and Federal
centers of Russia. The main place of employment in rural areas remains the
production of agricultural products. Despite the differences characteristic of
technological processes in certain types of agricultural activities, the
specifics of labor in the agricultural sector have common aspects related to the
impact of harmful factors of the production environment, the severity and
intensity of the labor process. The number of people working in the agricultural
sector in harmful and dangerous working conditions in the period from 2011 to
2017 decreased by 19.2 %, while the share of this category of people in the
total structure of those employed in agricultural production decreased by 4.4 %
to 29.4 % in 2017. According to the results of inspections of territorial bodies
of Rospotrebnadzor in the period from 2011 to 2017, the share of jobs that do
not meet sanitary and hygienic standards at agricultural enterprises decreased
from 35.7 to 30.4 %, which indicates a trend of improvement in the sanitary and
hygienic situation.
The article presents cell-mediated mechanisms of immunological relationship in
various types of pregnancy and demonstrates immunotypes characteristic of the
physiological and pathological course of gestation. Disturbance of immune
homeostasis in complicated pregnancy ranged from autoimmune one with the threat
of miscarriage to severe immunosuppressive condition with gestosis.
