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UDK: 616.248+615.835.2 DOI:10.33920/med-14-2306-03

Prevention of meteoropathic reactions in children with bronchial asthma

Natalya Anatolievna Lyan PhD Candidate in Medicine, leading researcher of the Department of Medical Rehabilitation of Children and Adolescents, Moscow Center for Research and Practice in Medical Rehabilitation, Restorative and Sports Medicine of the Moscow Healthcare Department, associate professor of the Department of Restorative Medicine, Rehabilitation and Balneology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1566-2739, eLibrary SPIN: 5391-7523, e-mail: nlyan@yandex.ru
Maya Alekseevna Khan PhD in Medicine, professor, head of the Center for Medical Rehabilitation, SBHI N.F. Filatov Children's City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Healthcare Department, head of the Department of Medical Rehabilitation of Children and Adolescents, Moscow Center for Research and Practice in Medical Rehabilitation, Restorative and Sports Medicine of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1081-1726, eLibrary SPIN: 1070-2800, e-mail: 6057016@mail.ru
Asiyat Ivanovna Uyanaeva PhD Candidate in Medicine, leading researcher of the Moscow Center for Research and Practice in Medical Rehabilitation, Restorative and Sports Medicine of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6654-2289, eLibrary SPIN: 3594-4872, e-mail: a.uyanaewa@yandex.ru
Natalya Borisovna Korchazhkina PhD in Medicine, professor, deputy director for scientific and educational work, FSBSI Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, professor of the Department of Restorative Medicine and Biomedical Technologies, FSBEI HE A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9804-7725, ID RSCI 86450, Scopus author ID 36931563000, e-mail: n9857678103@gmail.com
Marina Anatolievna Rassulova PhD in Medicine, professor, first deputy director of the Moscow Center for Research and Practice in Medical Rehabilitation, Restorative and Sports Medicine of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, eLibrary SPIN: 9763-9952, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9566-9799, e-mail: mnpcsm@zdrav.mos.ru
Yuliya Yurievna Tupitsyna PhD Candidate in Medicine, senior researcher of the Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Moscow Center for Research and Practice in Medical Rehabilitation, Restorative and Sports Medicine of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, eLibrary SPIN: 5784-4740, http:// orcid.org/0000-0002-6491-4501, e-mail: juliat47@yandex.ru

Due to the increasing prevalence of bronchial asthma in children and a more severe course of the disease, prevention, treatment, and medical rehabilitation of such children becomes relevant. Reduced resistance of the organism to changing meteorological conditions is accompanied by the development of pathological meteotropic (meteoropathic) reactions. Meteoprophylaxis using the method of interval hypoxic training contributes to reducing the frequency and severity of meteoropathic reactions and improving the functional state of the respiratory system and psychological status. Materials and methods. 80 children with increased weather sensitivity were examined: the main group consisted of 40 children who received normobaric hypoxia therapy; the comparison group consisted of 40 children who did not receive normobaric hypoxia therapy. The study of the influence of normobaric hypoxia therapy in dynamics on the clinical course of bronchial asthma, indicators of the pulmonary function (computer flowmetry), and psychoemotional status was carried out. Results and discussion. The beneficial effect of normobaric hypoxia therapy on the clinical course (reduction of dry paroxysmal cough and dry wheezing) was revealed. A statistically significant increase in the indices of the pulmonary function was obtained (peak expiratory flow rate, MEF75 (p < 0.05)). The data from the results of psychological testing revealed a decrease in irritability, emotional lability, and anxiety, normalization of activity levels, and increased performance in children under the influence of normobaric hypoxia therapy. In most children, the manifestations of weather sensitivity decreased, and the severity structure of weather-related exacerbations changed: reactions of moderate severity decreased, while severe manifestations of meteoropathology practically disappeared. Conclusions. Based on the conducted studies, the types and seasonal patterns in the formation of biotropic weather conditions in the Moscow metropolis, which are a risk factor in the development of weather-related exacerbations and manifestations of increased weather sensitivity in children with bronchial asthma, were identified, and the frequency of formation of increased meteorolability in such patients was determined. The effectiveness of normobaric hypoxia therapy as a method of preventing meteoropathic reactions in children with bronchial asthma has been established.

Актуальной проблемой здравоохранения является бронхиальная астма (БА) у детей в связи с высокой распространенностью заболевания — до 12% [1, 2]. Учитывая, что бронхиальная астма имеет высокую частоту встречаемости у детей, приводит к снижению качества жизни, нередко является причиной инвалидизации, заболевание имеет высокую медико-социальную значимость, и разработка новых технологий медицинской реабилитации [3] и профилактики остаются важными вопросами педиатрии.

Климат и погодные условия оказывают комплексное влияние на состояние здоровья ребенка. Процессы адаптации организма к различным климатическим условиям зависят в первую очередь и от биоклиматических особенностей местности, где проживает ребенок, а также от функциональных возможностей организма и состоятельности механизмов адаптации.

Изучение влияния погодных факторов на течение хронических неинфекционных заболеваний у детей вызывает в настоящее время большой интерес. Возрастание роли этих факторов связано в том числе с новыми данными о влиянии климато-метеорологических параметров на течение бронхиальной астмы, с необходимостью адаптации организма к непривычным погодно-климатическим условиям, особенностями формирования погодных условий, связанных с резко меняющимися климатическими факторами.

По данным литературы, более чем у 70% детей с бронхиальной астмой регистрируются патологические реакции на неблагоприятную погоду, сопровождающиеся усилением симптомов заболевания и вентиляционными нарушениями, что снижает эффективность лечебных мероприятий [4-7].

В настоящее время причины таких нарушений у детей с бронхиальной астмой изучены недостаточно, практически отсутствуют исследования по формированию у них метеопатологии, мало данных о частоте метеообусловленных обострений заболевания у детей в условиях привычного климата, нет данных по выявлению наиболее биотропных сочетаний метеорологических параметров, способных оказать негативное влияние на течение болезни. Своевременное выявление роли погодно-метеорологических факторов на формирование метеопатологии и течение бронхиальной астмы у детей позволит проводить дифференцированные профилактические мероприятия как срочного, так и сезонного характера с использованием немедикаментозных технологий.

For citation:
Natalya Anatolievna Lyan, Maya Alekseevna Khan, Asiyat Ivanovna Uyanaeva, Natalya Borisovna Korchazhkina, Marina Anatolievna Rassulova, Yuliya Yurievna Tupitsyna, Prevention of meteoropathic reactions in children with bronchial asthma. Physiotherapist. 2023;6.
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