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UDK: 616.8–007 DOI:10.33920/med-01-2401-05

Endoscopic surgery in patients with idiopathic hydrocephalus due to extraventricular CSF pathways obstruction

Kirill Viktorovich Shevchenko PhD Candidate in Medicine, neurosurgeon, senior researcher of the 5th Neurosurgical Department (Para-Stem Tumors), FSAI N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 16, 4-ya Tverskaya-Yamskaya str., Moscow, 125047, Russian Federation, tel. 8 (499) 972-86-42, e-mail: kshevchenko@nsi.ru, ORCID - 0000-0003-3732-6664
Vadim Nikolaevich Shimanskiy PhD in Medicine, professor, head of the 5th Neurosurgical Department (Para-Stem Tumors), FSAI N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 16, 4-ya Tverskaya-Yamskaya str., Moscow, 125047, Russian Federation, tel. 8 (499) 972-86-42, e-mail: vadim@shimansky.ru, ORCID — 0000-0002-3816-847X
Sergey Vladimirovich Tanyashin PhD in Medicine, chief researcher of the 5th Neurosurgical Department (Para-Stem Tumors), FSAI N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 16, 4-ya Tverskaya-Yamskaya str., Moscow, 125047, Russian Federation, tel. 8 (499) 972-86-42, e-mail: stanyashin@gmail.com, ORCID — 0000-0001-8351-5074
Vladimir Kirillovich Poshataev PhD in Medicine, neurosurgeon, FSAI N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 16, 4-ya Tverskaya-Yamskaya str., Moscow, 125047, Russian Federation, tel. 8 (499) 972-86-42, e-mail: vposhataev@nsi.ru, ORCID — 0000-0002-3279-3733
Vasiliy Vitalievich Karnaukhov PhD Candidate in Medicine, neurosurgeon, senior researcher of the 5th Neurosurgical Department (Para-Stem Tumors), FSAI N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 16, 4-ya Tverskaya-Yamskaya str., Moscow, 125047, Russian Federation, tel. 8 (499) 972-86-42, e-mail: vkarnayhov@nsi.ru, ORCID — 0000-0002-2581-8648
Kristina Dmitrievna Solozhentseva radiologist, FSAI N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 16, 4-ya Tverskaya-Yamskaya str., Moscow, 125047, Russian Federation, tel. 8 (499) 972-86-42, e-mail: solozhentseva4256043@gmail.com, ORCID — 0000-0001-9984-9327
Igor Nikolaevich Pronin PhD in Medicine, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, professor, deputy director for scientific work, FSAI N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 16, 4-ya Tverskaya-Yamskaya str., Moscow, 125047, Russian Federation, tel. 8 (499) 972-86-42, e-mail: pronin@nsi.ru, ORCID — 0000-0002-4480-0275
Yuliya Vladimirovna Strunina statistician, researcher, FSAI N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 16, 4-ya Tverskaya-Yamskaya str., Moscow, 125047, Russian Federation, tel. 8 (499) 972-86-42, e-mail: ustrunina@nsi.ru, ORCID — 0000-0001-5010-6661
Leontiy Rudikovich Gabrielyan resident, FSAI N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 16, 4-ya Tverskaya-Yamskaya str., Moscow, 125047, Russian Federation, tel. 8 (499) 972-86-42, e-mail: Rdkvch@vk.com, ORCID — 0009-0003-6787-9136
Ivan Olegovich Kugushev PhD student, FSAI N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 16, 4-ya Tverskaya-Yamskaya str., Moscow, 125047, Russian Federation, tel. 8 (499) 972-86-84, e-mail: ikugushev@nsi.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8542-0060

The possibility of developing extraventricular CSF pathways obstruction was demonstrated in the mid-20th century. The development of neuroimaging (mainly MRI) and endoscopic techniques made it possible to plan and perform minimally invasive surgeries in a narrow anatomical corridor and achieve the regression of neurological symptoms. Purpose of the study: to determine the effectiveness of endoscopic surgery for hydrocephalus due to idiopathic extraventricular CSF pathways obstruction. Materials and methods. Sixty-five patients with signs of extraventricular obstruction underwent examination and surgical treatment at the Center of Neurosurgery from 2007 to 2020. The preoperative Kiefer Scale score was 6.8±3.3 (0-15) points, and the Rankin Scale score — 2.2±1 (0-5) points. Endoscopic third ventriculocisternostomy was performed as the first operation in 42 (64.6 %) patients. Ventriculoperitoneal shunting was performed in 17 (26.1 %) patients. Six (9.2 %) patients were not operated on. Results. After endoscopic surgery, the condition of the patients significantly improved (p < 0.001) after 2 and 12 months. Complete or partial regression of symptoms was noted in 85 % of the patients 1 year after surgery. After shunt surgery, the trend was comparable. The only radiological parameter that changes and correlates with the patients’ condition is the position of the premammillary membrane and the flow void. The remaining indicators of the CSF system of the brain did not actually change. In all cases of the endoscopic surgery, an additional membrane conglomerate that corresponded to preoperative tomograms was found under the premammillary membrane. Conclusion. The high efficiency of endoscopic third ventriculocisternostomy allows recommending this technique as the primary one in patients with extraventricular CSF pathways obstruction, with the exception of cases of anatomy abnormalities of the third ventricular fundus area (short premammillary membrane in combination with a high-lying basilar bifurcation) and cisterns of the posterior cranial fossa base (narrow cisterns, whose dimensions do not allow inserting an endoscope under the premamillary membrane).

Список сокращений

  • БЗЦ — большая затылочная цистерна
  • ВД — вентральная дислокация
  • ВПШ — вентрикулоперитонеальное шунтирование
  • ЗЧЯ — задняя черепная ямка
  • ЛШО — ликворошунтирующая операция
  • МЖП — межжелудочковая перегородка
  • МРТ — магнитно-резонансная томография
  • ПММ — премамиллярная мембрана
  • САП-ЗЧЯ — субарахноидальное пространство задней черепной ямки
  • САП-К — конвекситальное субарахноидальное пространство
  • ЭВГЦ — экстравентрикулярная обструктивная гидроцефалия
  • ЭТВ — эндоскопическая тривентрикулостомия
  • ЭТВЦ — эндоскопическая тривентрикулоцистерностомия

Разделение гидроцефалии на «сообщающуюся» и «несообщающуюся», предложенное W. Dandy в 1919 г. [1, 2], легло в основу определения тактики хирургического лечения пациентов.

В 1960 г. Ransohoff показал возможность развития гидроцефалии не только при обструкции ликворных путей в пределах желудочков, но и при блоке за их пределами, и впервые выделил понятия «экстравентрикулярной» и «интравентрикулярной» обструкции. [3, 4] А почти полвека спустя, Li с соавторами показали возможность развития гидроцефалии именно при обструкции цистерн основания задней черепной ямки (ЗЧЯ) и конвекситальных субарахноидальных пространств (САП-К), на примере введения белка коалина животным. [5]

Магнитно-резонансная томография (МРТ) головы является основным методом диагностики гидроцефалии и позволяет уточнять проходимость ликворных путей на различных уровнях при помощи ликворографических режимов. [6–8] Сагиттальные срезы показывают позицию премамиллярной мембраны (ПММ), разделяющей III желудочек и межножковую цистерну. А её прогиб в вентральном направлении косвенно свидетельствует о наличии постоянного градиента давления и указывает на наличие обструкции ликворных путей. Этот же признак надежно предсказывает возможную эффективность эндоскопической тривентрикулостомии (ЭТВ). [9–12]

For citation:
Kirill Viktorovich Shevchenko, Vadim Nikolaevich Shimanskiy, Sergey Vladimirovich Tanyashin, Vladimir Kirillovich Poshataev, Vasiliy Vitalievich Karnaukhov, Kristina Dmitrievna Solozhentseva, Igor Nikolaevich Pronin, Yuliya Vladimirovna Strunina, Leontiy Rudikovich Gabrielyan, Ivan Olegovich Kugushev, Endoscopic surgery in patients with idiopathic hydrocephalus due to extraventricular CSF pathways obstruction. Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery. 2024;1.
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