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UDK: 577, 616.89 DOI:10.33920/med-01-2401-13

Correlation of the occurrence of single-nucleotide genetic variants in brain morphogenesis genes and predisposition to endogenous depression in Russian population

Karagyaur Maxim Nikolaevich PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Regenerative Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Senior Researcher, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: 0000-0003-4289-3428, m.karagyaur@mail.ru
Primak Alexandra Leonidovna Research Laboratory Assistant, Department of Biochemistry and Regenerative Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: 0000-0002-1386-5922
Bozov Kirill Dmitrievich PhD student, Department of Biochemistry and Regenerative Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: 0000-0002-1386-5922
Sheleg Dmitry Aleksandrovich Research Laboratory Assistant, Department of Biochemistry and Regenerative Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, FSBEI HE A. I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: 0000-0002-2903-466
Arbatsky Mikhail Spartakovich PhD, Research Laboratory Assistant, Department of Biochemistry and Regenerative Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: 0000-0003-4188-1898
Dzhauari Stalik Stanislavovich PhD student, Department of Biochemistry and Regenerative Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: 0000-0001-5480-2322
Illarionova Maria Evgenievna Research Laboratory Assistant, Department of Biochemistry and Regenerative Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: 0009-0006-2483-2137
Semina Ekaterina Vladimirovna PhD, Leading Researcher, Department of Biochemistry and Regenerative Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: 0000-0002-3927-9286
Samokhodskaya Larisa Mikhailovna PhD, Head of Laboratory Diagnostics Department, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: 0000-0001-6734-3989
Klimovich Polina Sergeevna PhD, Senior Researcher, Department of Biochemistry and Regenerative Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: 0000-0002-8260-5542
Drach Mikhail Dmitrievich Research Laboratory Assistant, Department of Biochemistry and Regenerative Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: 0009-0005-4207-2402
Velichko Arkady Yakovlevich Student, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: 0000-0003-3686-0072
Sotskaya Ekaterina Alekseevna Research Laboratory Assistant, Laboratory of Morphogenesis and Tissue Repair, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: 0009-0007-3381-6486
Popov Vladimir Sergeyevich PhD, Head of the Interdepartmental Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: 0000-0002-5039-7152
Rubina Ksenia Andreyevna PhD, Head of the Laboratory of Morphogenesis and Tissue Repair, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: 0000-0002-7166-7406
Parfenenko Maria Alekseevna student, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: 0000-0001-5384-5902
Makus Julia Valeryevna Research Laboratory Assistant, Department of Biochemistry and Regenerative Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: 0000-0001-6820-4198
Tsygankov Boris Dmitrievich PhD, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor, Department of Multidisciplinary Clinical Training, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, FSBEI HE A. I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: 0000-0003-0180-1267
Tkachuk Vsevolod Arsenievich PhD, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Biochemistry and Regenerative Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: 0000-0002-7492-747X
Neyfeld Elena Arsalanievna PhD, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Medical and Dental University named after A. I. Evdokimov», Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Associate Professor, Department of Multidisciplinary Clinical Training, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, ORCID: 0000-0003-2647-1284, ea.neyfeld@mail.ru

Recent research indicates that some types of mental illnesses (schizophrenia, autism, depressive disorders) may be associated with impaired functioning of a number of genes, including those involved in brain morphogenesis. To assess the possible contribution of brain morphogenesis genes in the formation of predisposition to depressive disorders in Russian population, we performed whole-exome sequencing of genomic DNA of such patients. We identified 166 missense genomic variants in 66 genes (out of 140 studied) involved in the formation of brain tissue. The prevalence of some of them was estimated by allele-specific PCR. For the first time, a significantly higher frequency of occurrence of genomic variants rs17445840-T (CDH2 gene), rs12923655-C (CDH3 gene), rs1227051-G/A (CDH23 gene), and rs12500437-G/T (DCHS2 gene) was shown in a group of patients suffering from endogenous depressive disorder, and an association of some of the identified genomic variants with gender was established. The data obtained confirm the previously stated assumption that genes of brain tissue morphogenesis may be associated with a predisposition to the development of mental and cognitive disorders. The functional significance of the identified genetic variants remains to be established. The identification of pathogenic genomic variants with the confirmation of their functional significance allows better understanding of the pathogenesis of mental disorders and opens prospects for the development of approaches to objective diagnosis of such diseases, their early prevention, and pathogenetic therapy.

Нарушение баланса активирующих и тормозных процессов в головном мозге считают одной из причин развития психический заболеваний, в том числе, и эндогенной депрессии [1]. Такой функциональный дисбаланс в головном мозге может быть обусловлен нарушениями синтеза, высвобождения, рецепции, разрушения и обратного захвата нейромедиаторов, иммунным поражением структур мозга, и, наконец, нарушением закладки головного мозга и аберрантным формированием межнейронных связей в процессе эмбриогенеза [2–4]. В целом ряде случаев такие дисфункции нервной ткани могут быть обусловлены или спровоцированы нарушением экспрессии или функции вовлеченных генов, в том числе генов, контролирующих процессы закладки и созревания мозговой ткани [5]. Идентификация таких генов и их функционально значимых патогенных вариантов представляет собой важную задачу молекулярной психиатрии, поскольку открывает возможности для объективной диагностики психических заболеваний, их заблаговременной профилактики и разработки перспективных патогенетических терапевтических подходов.

Генам морфогенеза мозговой ткани в контексте предрасположенности к развитию психических заболеваний и в мире, и в России уделяется крайне мало внимания. Более того, проведенные ранее исследования показывают, что ряд геномных вариантов может быть ассоциирован с развитием депрессивного расстройства (например, rs6265-T в гене BDNF в испанской популяции и в популяции американцев мексиканского происхождения) [6–8], однако наблюдается высокая зависимость распространенности и функциональной значимости идентифицированных геномных вариантов в зависимости от исследуемой популяции. Tак, для того же геномного варианта rs6265-T в гене BDNF в немецкой [9] и китайской [10] популяциях, ассоциации с частотой манифестации депрессивного расстройства выявлено не было. Это предполагает существование ранее неописанных геномных вариантов, ассоциированных с развитием психических заболеваний (в частности, депрессивного расстройства), уникальных для российской популяции, идентификация которых заложит основу лучшего понимания патогенеза психического заболевания, его профилактики и терапии.

For citation:
Karagyaur Maxim Nikolaevich, Primak Alexandra Leonidovna, Bozov Kirill Dmitrievich, Sheleg Dmitry Aleksandrovich, Arbatsky Mikhail Spartakovich, Dzhauari Stalik Stanislavovich, Illarionova Maria Evgenievna, Semina Ekaterina Vladimirovna, Samokhodskaya Larisa Mikhailovna, Klimovich Polina Sergeevna, Drach Mikhail Dmitrievich, Velichko Arkady Yakovlevich, Sotskaya Ekaterina Alekseevna, Popov Vladimir Sergeyevich, Rubina Ksenia Andreyevna, Parfenenko Maria Alekseevna, Makus Julia Valeryevna, Tsygankov Boris Dmitrievich, Tkachuk Vsevolod Arsenievich, Neyfeld Elena Arsalanievna, Correlation of the occurrence of single-nucleotide genetic variants in brain morphogenesis genes and predisposition to endogenous depression in Russian population. Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery. 2024;1.
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