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УДК: 616.8 DOI:10.33920/med-01-2510-10

Современные представления о психовегетативном синдроме

Сороковикова Татьяна Викторовна кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры неврологии, реабилитации и нейрохирургии, Тверской государственный медицинский университет, 170100, Тверь, Российская Федерация, E-mail: ssaphir@mail.ru, SPIN: 5501–2061, ORCID ID: 0000‑0002‑9238‑8270
Морозов Артем Михайлович кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры общей хирургии, Тверской государственный медицинский университет, 170100, Тверь, Российская Федерация, +7‑904‑015‑51‑18, E-mail: ammorozovv@gmail.com, SPIN: 6815–9332, ORCID ID: 0000‑0003‑4213‑5379
Шахматов Лев Константинович студент, Тверской государственный медицинский университет, 170100, Тверь, Российская Федерация, E-mail: mega2065@yandex.ru, SPIN: 8719–8761, ORCID ID: 0000‑0001‑8540‑9005
Ибрагимова Лейла Ильгамовна студентка, Тверской государственный медицинский университет, 170100, Тверь, Российская Федерация, E-mail: igayoma@mail.ru, SPIN: 8719–8761, ORCID ID: 0009‑0008‑8320‑7432
Фисюк Екатерина Андреевна студентка, Тверской государственный медицинский университет, 170100, Тверь, Российская Федерация, E-mail: ammorozovv@gmail.com, ORCID ID: 0009‑0000‑0582‑7398

Психовегетативный синдром представляет собой клинический симптомокомплекс, характеризующийся нарушениями вегетативной регуляции, возникающими на фоне стрессовых или психоэмоциональных перегрузок, а также как проявление первичной соматической патологии. Наиболее часто он диагностируется у подростков и молодых людей, особенно в условиях урбанизации, информационной перегрузки и нарушений режима дня. В патогенезе данной патологии участвуют дисфункция гипоталамо-гипофизарно-надпочечниковой оси, повышенная симпатическая активность, а также нейроэндокринные и психоэмоциональные факторы. Диагностика основывается на оценке жалоб, вегетативных пробах, шкалах тревоги и депрессии. Терапия включает психотерапию, коррекцию образа жизни, медикаментозное лечение (вегетокорректоры, транквилизаторы, антидепрессанты) и немедикаментозные методы (физиотерапия, дыхательные практики). Комплексный подход к психовегетативному синдрому способствует снижению частоты рецидивов и улучшению качества жизни пациентов. Актуальность данной проблемы обусловлена высокой распространённостью синдрома, его влиянием на адаптационные механизмы организма и рисками формирования устойчивых психосоматических расстройств при отсутствии своевременной коррекции.

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Психовегетативный синдром (ПВС) представляет собой полиэтиологическое состояние, возникающее вследствие дисбаланса между звеньями вегетативной нервной системы, что проявляется разнообразными соматовегетативными и психоэмоциональными симптомами. Особенно актуальной данная проблема становится в подростковом и молодом возрасте, когда высокая лабильность нервной системы делает организм более восприимчивым к влиянию стрессов, нарушений режима сна, питания и эмоционального перенапряжения [1].

Современные исследования подчеркивают, что до 80 % обращений подростков и молодых людей к врачам общей практики связаны с функциональными расстройствами, в основе которых лежит ПВС [2]. На фоне интенсивных нагрузок и хронического стресса особенно выражены проявления кардиоваскулярной, дыхательной, гастроэнтерологической и терморегуляторной дисфункции [3–5]. Особое значение имеет тот факт, что психовегетативные проявления могут маскировать более серьезные соматические или психические заболевания, что затрудняет раннюю диагностику и лечение [6].

Наблюдается устойчивая тенденция к росту заболеваемости психовегетативным синдром, особенно в крупных городах и среди социально активных групп населения [7]. В условиях современного информационного перегруза, нестабильной социальной среды и роста тревожных расстройств особое внимание уделяется необходимости комплексного междисциплинарного подхода к диагностике и терапии ПВС [8].

ПВС нередко предшествует развитию тревожных и депрессивных расстройств, являясь своеобразным индикатором истощения адаптационных механизмов организма [9]. Обращаясь к данным Американской психологической ассоциации, после прошедшей пандемии COVID-19, можно отметить, что общий уровень тревожности вырос среди взрослого трудоспособного населения [10]. Эбзеева Е. Ю. (2025) в исследовании отмечает, что люди, имеющие в анамнезе сердечно-сосудистую патологию в большей степени склонны к развитию ПВС, повышенной тревожности и депрессиям, и на оборот, данный факт говорит о прямой связи ПВС и риска развития сердечно-сосудистой патологии, которая в настоящее время занимает первое место среди всех причин смертности от неинфекционных заболеваний [11].

Для Цитирования:
Сороковикова Татьяна Викторовна, Морозов Артем Михайлович, Шахматов Лев Константинович, Ибрагимова Лейла Ильгамовна, Фисюк Екатерина Андреевна, Современные представления о психовегетативном синдроме. Вестник неврологии, психиатрии и нейрохирургии. 2025;10.
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