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УДК: 639.371.2:591.158 DOI:10.33920/sel-09-2110-03

Some aspects of fishery development of sturgeon hybrids in Russia. Part 2

Senior Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Sturgeon Breeding and Acclimatization, the Freshwater Fishery Branch of the Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIIPRKh). 40a, Rybnoye Village, Dmitrovsky Urban District, Moscow Region, 141821, Russia. E-mail: innovazii-vniiprh@mail.ru. ORCID: 0000-0002-3336-165Х.
Head of the Branch, the Freshwater Fishery Branch of the Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIIPRKh). 40a, Rybnoye Village, Dmitrovsky Urban District, Moscow Region, 141821, Russia. E-mail: vyrezub@rambler.ru., ORCID: 0000-0001-5654-7361.
Chief Specialist of the Laboratory of Sturgeon Breeding and Acclimatization, the Freshwater Fishery Branch of the Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIIPRKh). 40a, Rybnoye Village, Dmitrovsky Urban District, Moscow Region, 141821, Russia. E-mail: innovazii-vniiprh@mail.ru., ORCID: 0000-0002-6949-9335.
the Freshwater Fishery Branch of the Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIIPRKh). 40a, Rybnoye Village, Dmitrovsky Urban District, Moscow Region, 141821, Russia., E-mail: innovazii-vniiprh@mail.ru. ORCID: 0000-0002-0025-4292.
the Freshwater Fishery Branch of the Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIIPRKh). 40a, Rybnoye Village, Dmitrovsky Urban District, Moscow Region, 141821, Russia., E-mail: innovazii-vniiprh@mail.ru. ORCID: 0000-0002-1576-4578.

With the development of commercial sturgeon breeding, the issue of creating hybrid forms of sturgeon fish to obtain a larger volume of gourmet marketable products is of increasing interest to fish farmers. The choice of objects for creating hybrid forms for commercial cultivation depends on the conditions and biotechnologies of intensive fish farming. One of the technologies used allowing to reduce the time for growing objects several times and to obtain viable growing stock year-round is the use of recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). With this method of cultivation, the advantage is given to species with high adaptive capabilities and growth intensity. The most popular objects for hybridization and creation of hybrid forms are beluga, sterlet, Siberian and Russian sturgeon, etc. Beluga is the largest representative of the sturgeon family. It gets its marketable mass (3-5 kg) in the conditions of natural temperatures within 2-3 years. Sterlet is a pure freshwater form. It is an excellent object for crossing with other sturgeon species, in particular, with beluga for obtaining bester. Siberian sturgeon grows most intensively at temperatures of 15–25 °С, but its growth persists even at lower temperatures (1–10 °С). Russian sturgeon in artificial conditions achieves its marketable weight of 1.5-3.0 kg in the second or third year of rearing. To facilitate the orientation of fish farms, fish farmers engaged in the production of products, the article discusses the creation of hybrid forms of sturgeon fish in domestic and foreign aquaculture, their brief fish-biological characteristics of cultivation in fish farms of various types. Knowledge of fish-breeding biological species of sturgeon hybrids when grown in specific conditions will make it possible to successfully introduce them into the practice of commercial cultivation.

Литература:

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For the first time GUBA hybrid between the Russian sturgeon (the Azov population) and the Siberian sturgeon (the Lena population) was obtained in 1979 by the Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO) staff. Experimental crosses were carried out between 1979 and 1983 at the Aksai fish farm and the Vzmorye sturgeon fish hatchery (Rostov Region) [4; 28]. Later, work with this hybrid was carried out in the Astrakhan region by several scientists from KaspNIRKh [32; 33], as well as by the VNIRO staff in the Vologda Region [37–39] and at the Southern Branch of the Federal Breeding and Genetic Selection Centre for Fishery in the Krasnodar Krai [35]. Under RAS conditions, a reciprocal hybrid between the Siberian sturgeon of the Lena population and the Russian sturgeon was studied in Poland [9; 40], and a hybrid between Russian and Siberian sturgeon - in Belarus [3].

Large multi-age herds of GUBA hybrid were created in several farms in Russia: in the Krasnodar Krai, Vologda, Ryazan, Kostroma and Moscow regions [10; 13; 23]. In appearance, it is most similar to the Siberian sturgeon. In 2006, the staff of the BIOS Scientific and Production Centre for Sturgeon Breeding (Astrakhan) developed biotechnical standards for obtaining fish stocking material of the Russian sturgeon × Siberian sturgeon hybrid when grown in the VI fish breeding zone of Russia in the Volga water of the Astrakhan Region. When growing 1+ and 2+ hybrids at the BIOS Scientific and Production Centre in the VI fish-breeding zone in the pool and culture nets with the natural temperatures, their average weight was 7–10% more than that of the Russian sturgeon. The second, third and fourth generations of GUBA were obtained from the Southern Branch of the Federal Breeding and Genetic Selection Centre for Fishery (Krasnodar, Russia). The breeding quality of the F1 and F2 hybrid was evaluated at the Kaduyrybkhoz cage farm. It was found that the survival rate of F1 was slightly higher than that of F2 and close to that of the Siberian sturgeon. The average weight of growing stock by generations differed insignificantly and in the conditions of the given economy was approximately 180 g, while the average weight of growing stock of Siberian sturgeon under the same conditions was 150 g [39].

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