По всем вопросам звоните:

+7 495 274-22-22

УДК: 616–053.3:616.896–07 (048.8) DOI:10.33920/med-01-2601-02

Систематический обзор инструментов скрининга 1‑го и 2‑го уровня для расстройств аутистического спектра у детей раннего возраста

Бычкова Полина Павловна заведующая 8 детского психиатрического отделения, врач-психиатр, ГУЗ «Областная клиническая психиатрическая больница Святой Софии», г. Саратов, e-mail: ovchinnikova.11b@gmail.com, ORCID 0000‑0001‑6657‑8356
Филиппова Наталья Валерьевна доцент кафедры психиатрии, наркологии, психотерапии и клинической психологии, ФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский государственный медицинский университет им. В.И. Разумовского» Минздрава России, кандидат медицинских наук, г. Саратов, e-mail: natdoc@mail.ru, ORCID 0000‑0002‑3380‑5935
Барыльник Юлия Борисовна заведующая кафедрой психиатрии, наркологии, психотерапии и клинической психологии, ФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский государственный медицинский университет им. В.И. Разумовского» Минздрава России, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, г. Саратов, e-mail: juljab@yandex.ru, ORCID 0000‑0001‑6837‑5894

В данном исследовании представлен систематический обзор инструментов скрининга 1‑го и 2‑го уровня для раннего выявления аутизма у детей в возрасте до 24 месяцев, а также оценка их психометрических и измерительных свойств. Были проанализированы семь баз данных (например, Scopus, EBSCOhost Research Database), проведены консультации с экспертами в области расстройств аутистического спектра (РАС). Применялись рекомендации PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis) и контрольный список COSMIN (Consensus-based Standard for the selection of health Measurement Instruments). В исследование вошли 52 публикации и 16 методик, большинство из которых представляли собой опросники. Наиболее широко изученным инструментом оказался Modified-Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M–CHAT). Описаны преимущества методик (аналитическая оценка методологического качества согласно COSMIN) и их ограничения (включая отрицательную и положительную прогностическую ценность, чувствительность и специфичность). Согласно результатам COSMIN, наиболее перспективными инструментами, которые в будущем могут систематически применяться специалистами в области здравоохранения, являются: M–CHAT (Модифицированный скрининговый тест на аутизм для детей раннего возраста), FYI (First Years Inventory — Опросник первых лет жизни), Q-CHAT (Quantitative-Checklist for Autism in Toddlers — Количественный скрининговый тест на аутизм для детей раннего возраста).

Литература:

1. Кирилова Л. Г., Мирошников А.А., Юзва А.А. Оптимизация диагностики расстройств аутистического спектра у детей раннего возраста. Педиатрия. Восточная Европа. 2019; 7: 229–241.

2. Сорокин А. Б., Давыдова Е. Ю., Самарина Л. В. и соавт. Стандартизированные методы диагностики аутизма: опыт использования ADOS-2 и ADI-R. Аутизм и нарушения развития. 2021; 19 (1): 12–24.

3. Филиппова Н. В., Барыльник Ю. Б. Медико-социальная помощь детям с расстройствами аутистического спектра и другими нарушениями развития на территории Саратовской области. Психическое здоровье и образование. сборник научных статей по материалам II Конгресса «Психическое здоровье человека XXI века». 2018; 367–369.

4. Филиппова Н.В., Барыльник Ю.Б., Бачило Е.В., Гусева М.А., Мишукова А.Ю., Олейникова Е.Р. Стигматизация и расстройства аутистического спектра: определение проблемы и пути решения. Психическое здоровье. 2018; 16–1 (140): 45–55

5. Филиппова Н.В., Барыльник Ю.Б., Антонова А.А., Бачило Е.В., Деева М.А., Кормилицина А.С. Клинико-диагностические аспекты раннего детского аутизма. Психическое здоровье. 2016;14–6 (21): 60–71.

6. Филиппова Н. В., Барыльник Ю. Б., Камышонкова М.А., Атапина Е.А. Расстройства аутистического спектра у детей: основные проблемы и пути решения (обзор литературы). Вестник неврологии, психиатрии и нейрохирургии. 2023; 8: 607–623.

7. Папков В.Е., Фомичева Е.М. Эпидемиологический скрининг риска возникновения расстройств аутистического спектра у детей. Перспективы отраслевого взаимодействия в комплексной реабилитации: Материалы V Международной научно-практической конференции, Орел, 20–21 октября 2022 гг. Орел: Орловский государственный университет им. И.С. Тургенева. 2023; 256.

8. Lauritsen M.B., Pedersen C.B., Mortensen P.B. Effects of familial risk factors and place of birth on the risk of autism: A nationwide register-based study. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry. 2005; 46: 963–971.

9. Robins D. L., Dumont-Mathieu T.M. Early screening for autism spectrum disorders: Update on the modified checklist for autism in toddlers and other measures. J.Dev. Behav. Pediatrics. 2006; 27: 111–119.

10. Christensen D.L., Maenner M.J., Bilder D., Constantino J.N., Daniels J. Durkin M.S., Fitzgerald R.T., Kurzius-Spencer M. Pettygrove S.D., Robinson C. et al. Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 4 Years. Early Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, Seven Sites, United States, 2010, 2012, and 2014. MMWR Surveill. Summ. 2019; 68: 1–19.

11. Christensen D.L., Braun K.V. N., Baio J., Bilder D., Charles J., Constantino J.N., Daniels J., Durkin M.S., Fitzgerald R.T., Kurzius-Spencer M., et al. Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years. Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2012. MMWR Surveill. Summ. 2018; 65: 1.

12. Leo M., Carcagnì P., Distante C., Spagnolo P., Mazzeo P. L., Rosato A.C., Petrocchi S., Pellegrino C., Levante A., De Lumè F., et al. Computational Assessment of Facial Expression Production in ASD Children. Sensors. 2018; 18: 3993.

13. Marlow M., Servili C., Tomlinson M. A review of screening tools for the identification of autism spectrum disorders and developmental delay in infants and young children: Recommendations for use in low-and middle-income countries. Autism Res. 2019; 12: 176–199.

14. Zwaigenbaum L., Bauman M. L., Fein D., Pierce K., Buie T., Davis P.A., Newschaffer C., Robins D. L., Wetherby A., Choueiri R. et al. Early screening of autism spectrum disorder: Recommendations for practice and research. Pediatrics. 2015; 136: 41–59.

15. Sánchez-García A.B., Galindo-Villardón P., Nieto-Librero A. B., Martín-Rodero H., Robins D. L. Toddler Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy. JADD. 2019; 49: 1837–1852.

16. Terwee C.B., Mokkink L.B., Knol D. L., Ostelo R.W., Bouter L.M., de Vet H.C. Rating the methodological quality in systematic reviews of studies on measurement properties: A scoring system for the COSMIN checklist. Qual. Life Res. 2012; 21: 651–657.

17. Levante A., Petrocchi S., Lecciso F. Systematic review protocol of measures for the early detection of risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder risk in toddlers. Lifesp. Dis. 2019; 22: 55–75.

18. Moher D., Liberati A., Tetzlaff J., Altman D.G., Prisma Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009; 6: 100–197.

19. Mokkink L.B., Terwee C.B., Patrick D. L., Alonso J., Stratford P.W., Knol D. L., Bouter L.M., De Vet H.C. The COSMIN checklist for assessing the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties of health status measurement instruments: An international Delphi study. Qual. Life Res. 2010; 19: 539–549.

20. Terwee C.B., Mokkink L.B., Knol D. L., Ostelo R.W., Bouter L.M., De Vet H.C. Rating the methodological quality in systematic reviews of studies on measurement properties: A scoring system for the COSMIN checklist. Qual. Life Res. 2012; 21: 651–657.

21. Hedley D., Young R., Angelica M., Gallegos J., Marcin Salazar C. Cross-cultural evaluation of the Autism Detection in Early Childhood (ADEC) in Mexico. Autism. 2010; 14: 93–112.

22. Nah Y.H., Young R. L., Brewer N. Using the Autism Detection in Early Childhood (ADEC) and Childhood Autism Rating Scales (CARS) to predict long term outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorders. JADD. 2014; 44, 2301–2310.

23. Nah Y.H., Young R. L., Brewer N., Berlingeri G. Autism Detection in Early Childhood (ADEC): Reliability and validity data for a level 2 screening tool for autistic disorder. Psychol. Assess. 2014; 26: 215.

24. Hedley D., Nevill R. E., Monroy-Moreno Y., Fields N., Wilkins J., Butter E., Mulick J.A. Efficacy of the ADEC in identifying autism spectrum disorder in clinically referred toddlers in the US. JADD. 2015; 45: 2337–2348.

25. Bryson S. E., Zwaigenbaum L., McDermott C., Rombough V., Brian J. The Autism Observation Scale for Infants: Scale development and reliability data. JADD. 2008; 38: 731–738.

26. Brian J., Bryson S. E., Garon N., Roberts W., Smith I.M., Szatmari P., Zwaigenbaum L. Clinical assessment of autism in high-risk 18‑month-olds. Autism 2008; 12: 433–456.

27. Gammer I., Bedford R., Elsabbagh M., Garwood H., Pasco G., Tucker L., Volein A., Johnson M.H., Charman T. The BASIS Team. Behavioural markers for autism in infancy: Scores on the Autism Observational Scale for Infants in a prospective study of at-risk siblings. Inf. Behav. Dev. 2015; 38: 107–115.

28. Matson J. L., Fodstad J.C., Dempsey T. What symptoms predict the diagnosis of autism or PDD-NOS in infants and toddlers with developmental delays using the Baby and Infant Screen for Autism Traits. Dev. Neurorehab. 2009; 12: 381–388.

29. Matson J. L., Wilkins J., Sharp B., Knight C., Sevin J.A., Boisjoli J.A. Sensitivity and specificity of the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with Autism Traits (BISCUIT): Validity and cutoff scores for autism and PDD-NOS in toddlers. Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. 2009; 3: 924–930.

30. Matson J. L., Wilkins J., Sevin J.A., Knight C., Boisjoli J.A., Sharp B. Reliability and item content of the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with Autism Traits (BISCUIT): Parts 1–3. Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. 2009; 3: 336–344.

31. Matson J. L., Boisjoli J.A., Hess J.A., Wilkins J. Factor structure and diagnostic fidelity of the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with Autism Traits — Part 1 (BISCUIT — Part 1). Dev. Neurorehab. 2010; 13: 72–79.

32. Matson J. L., Wilkins J., Fodstad J.C. The validity of the baby and infant screen for children with autism traits: Part 1 (BISCUIT: Part 1). JADD 2011; 41: 1139–1146.

33. Dereu M., Warreyn P., Raymaekers R., Meirsschaut M., Pattyn G., Schietecatte I., Roeyers H. Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorders in Flemish Day-Care Centres with the Checklist for Early Signs of Developmental Disorders. JADD 2010; 40: 1247–1258.

34. Baron-Cohen S., Allen J., Gillberg C. Can autism be detected at 18 months? The needle, the haystack, and the CHAT. Br.J. Psychiatry. 1992; 161: 839–843.

35. Baron-Cohen S., Cox A., Baird G., Swettenham J., Nightingale N., Morgan K., Drew A., Charman T. Psychological markers in the detection of autism in infancy in a large population. Br.J. Psychiatry 1996; 168: 158–163.

36. Gray K.M., Tonge B.J., Sweeney D.J., Einfeld S. L. Screening for Autism in young children with developmental delay: An evaluation of the Developmental Behavior Checklist: Early Screen. JADD 2008; 38: 1003–1010.

37. Dietz C., Swinkels S., van Daalen E., van Engeland H., Buitelaar J.K. Screening for Autistic Spectrum Disorder in Children Aged 14–15 Months. II: Population Screening with the Early Screening of Autistic Traits Questionnaire (ESAT). Design and General Findings. JADD 2006; 36: 713–722.

38. Möricke E., Swinkels S.H. N., Beuker K.T., Buitelaar J.K. Predictive value of subclinical autistic traits at age 14–15 months for behavioural and cognitive problems at age 3–5 years. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry. 2010; 19: 659–668.

39. Reznick J. S., Baranek G.T., Reavis S., Watson L.R., Crais E.R. A parent- report instrument for identifying one-year-olds at risk for an eventual diagnosis of autism: The first year inventory. JADD 2017; 37: 1691–1710.

40. Ben-Sasson A., Carter A. S. The application of the first year inventory for ASD screening in Israel. JADD 2012; 42: 1906–1916.

41. Turner-Brown L.M., Baranek G.T., Reznick J. S., Watson L.R., Crais E.R. The First Year Inventory: A longitudinal follow-up of 12‑month-old to 3‑year-old children. Autism 2013; 17: 527–540.

42. Nygren G., Sandberg E., Gillstedt F., Ekeroth G., Arvidsson T., Gillberg C. A new screening program for autism in a general population of Swedish toddlers. Res.Dev. Dis. 2012; 33: 1200–1210.

43. Robins D. L., Fein D., Barton M. L., Green J.A. The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers: An initial study investigating the early detection of autism and pervasive developmental disorders. JADD 2001; 31: 131–144.

44. Snow A.V., Lecavalier L. Sensitivity and specificity of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers and the Social Communication Questionnaire in preschoolers suspected of having pervasive developmental disorders. Autism 2008; 12: 627–644.

45. Seif Eldin A., Habib D., Noufal A., Farrag S., Bazaid K., Al-Sharbati M., Badr H., Moussa S., Essali A., Gaddour N. Use of M–CHAT for a multinational screening of young children with autism in the Arab countries. Int.Rev. Psychiatry 2008; 20: 281–289.

46. Canal-Bedia R., García-Primo P., Martín-Cilleros M.V., Santos-Borbujo J., Guisuraga-Fernández Z., Herráez-García L., del Mar Herraez-Garcia M., Boada-Muños L., Fuentes-Biggi M., Posada-de La Paz M. Modified checklist for autism in toddlers: Cross-cultural adaptation and validation in Spain. JADD 2011; 41: 1342–1351.

47. Inada N., Koyama T., Inokuchi E., Kuroda M., KamioY. Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Modified Checklist for autism in toddlers (M–CHAT). Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. 2011; 5: 330–336.

48. Albores-Gallo L., Roldán-Ceballos O., Villarreal-Valdes G., Betanzos-Cruz B.X., Santos-Sánchez C., Martínez-Jaime M.M., Lemus-Espinosa I., Hilton C. L. M–CHAT Mexican version validity and reliability and some cultural considerations. ISRN Neurol. 2012; 408694:1–408694:7.

49. Kozlowski A.M., Matson J. L., Worley J.A., Sipes M., Horovitz M. Defining characteristics for young children meeting cutoff on the modified checklist for autism in toddlers. Res. Autism. Spectr. Disord. 2012; 6: 472–479.

50. Scarpa A., Reyes N.M., Patriquin M.A., Lorenzi J., Hassenfeldt T.A., Desai V.J., Kerkering K.W. The modified checklist for autism in toddlers: Reliability in a diverse rural American sample. JADD 2013; 43: 2269–2279.

51. Matson J. L., Kozlowski A.M., Fitzgerald M. E., Sipes M. True versus false positives and negatives on the Modified Checklist For Autism in Toddlers. Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. 2013; 7: 17–22.

52. Stenberg N., Bresnahan M., Gunnes N., Hirtz D., Hornig M., Lie K.K., Lipkin W. I., Lord C., Magnus P., Kjennerud T.R., et al. Identifying children with autism spectrum disorder at 18 months in a general population sample. Paed. Perinat. Epidem. 2014; 28: 255–262.

53. Seung H., Ji J., Kim S.J., Sung I., Youn Y.A., Hong G., Lee H., Lee Y.H., Lee H., Youm H.K. Examination of the Korean modified checklist of autism in toddlers: Item response theory. JADD 2015; 45: 2744–2757.

54. Cuesta-Gómez J. L., Andrea Manzone L., Posada-De-La-Paz M. Modified checklist for autism in toddler cross-cultural adaptation for Argentina. Int.J. Dev. Dis. 2016; 62: 117–123.

55. Baduel S., Guillon Q., Afzali M.H., Foudon N., Kruck J., Rogé B. The French version of the modified-checklist for autism in toddlers (M–CHAT): A validation study on a French sample of 24 months old children. JADD 2017; 47: 297–304.

56. Kleinman J.M., Robins D. L., Ventola P. E., Pandey J., Boorstein H.C., Esser E. L., Wilson L.B., Rosenthal M.A., Sutera S., Verbalis A.D. The modified checklist for autism in toddlers: A follow-up study investigating the early detection of autism spectrum disorders. JADD 2008; 38: 827–839.

57. Chlebowski C., Robins D. L., Barton M. L., Fein D. Large-scale use of the modified checklist for autism in low-risk toddlers. Pediatrics. 2013; 131: 1121–1127.

58. Robins D. L., Casagrande K., Barton M., Chen C.M. A., Dumont-Mathieu T., Fein D. Validation of the modified checklist for autism in toddlers, revised with follow-up (M–CHAT-R/F). Pediatrics. 2014; 133: 37–45.

59. Brennan L., Fein D., Como A., Rathwell I.C., Chen C.M. Use of the Modified Checklist for Autism, Revised with Follow Up-Albanian to Screen for ASD in Albania. JADD 2016; 46: 3392–3407.

60. Carakovac M., Jovanovic J., Kalanj M., Rudic N., Aleksic — Hil O., Aleksic B., Villalobos I.B., Kasuya H., Ozaki N., Lecic-Tosevski D. Serbian language version of the modified checklist for autism in toddlers, revised, with follow-up: Cross-cultural adaptation and assessment of reliability. Sci. Rep. 2016; 6: 38–53.

61. Windiani I.G. A. T., Soetjiningsih S., Adnyana I.G. A. S., Lestari K.A. Indonesian Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddler, Revised with Follow-Up (M–CHAT-R/F) for Autism Screening in Children at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali- Indonesia. Bali Med.J. 2016; 5: 133–137.

62. Guo C., Luo M., Wang X., Huang S., Meng Z., Shao J., Zhang X., Shao Z., Wu J., Robins D. L. Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised, with Follow-Up (M–CHAT-R/F). JADD 2018; 1–12.

63. Sangare M., Toure H.B., Toure A., Karembe A., Dolo H., Coulibaly Y. I., Kouyate M., Traore K., Diakite S.A., Coulibaly S. Validation of two parent-reported autism spectrum disorders screening tools M–CHAT-R and SCQ in Bamako, Mali. eNeurol. Sci. 2019; 15: 100–188.

64. Feldman M.A., Ward R.A., Savona D., Regehr K., Parker K., Hudson M., Penning H., Holden J.A. Development and Initial Validation of Parent Report Measure of the Behavioral development of infants at risk for Autism Spectrum Disorders. JADD 2012; 42: 13–22.

65. Allison C., Baron-Cohen S., Wheelwright S., Charman T., Richler J., Pasco G., Brayne C. The Q-CHAT (Quantitative CHecklist for Autism in Toddlers): A normally distributed quantitative measure of autistic traits at 18–24 months of age: Preliminary report. JADD 2008; 38: 1414–1425.

66. Magiati I., Goh D.A., Lim S.J., Gan D.Z. Q., Leong J.C. L., Allison C., Baron-Cohen S., Rifkin-Graboi A., Broekman B.F. P., Saw S.M. The psychometric properties of the Quantitative-Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT) as a measure of autistic traits in a community sample of Singaporean infants and toddlers. Mol. Autism 2015; 6: 40.

67. Ruta L., Chiarotti F., Arduino G.M., Apicella F., Leonardi E., Maggio R., Carozza C., Chericoni N., Costanzo V., Turco N. Validation of the Quantitative CHecklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT) in an Italian clinical sample of young children with Autism and Other Developmental Disorders. Front. Psychiatry 2019; 10: 488.

68. Rutaa L., Arduino G.M., Gagliano A., Apicella F., Leonardi E., Famà F. I., Chericoni N., Costanzo V., Turco N., Tartarisco G. Psychometric properties, factor structure and cross-cultural validity of the quantitative Checklist for autism in toddlers (Q-CHAT) in an Italian community setting. Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. 2019; 64: 39–48.

69. Lecciso F., Levante A., Signore F., Petrocchi S. Preliminary evidence of the Structural Validity and measurement invariance of the Quantitative-Checklist for Autism in Toddler (Q-CHAT) on Italian unselected children. EJASA 2019; 12: 320–340.

70. Persson B., Nordstrom B., Petersson K., Månsson M. E., Sivberg B. Screening for infants with developmental deficits and/or autism: A Swedish pilot study. J. Pediatric Nurs. 2006; 21: 313–324.

71. Oner P., Oner O., Munir K. Three-Item Direct Observation Screen (TIDOS) for autism spectrum disorder. Autism 2014; 18: 733–742.

72. Prinsen C.A., Mokkink L.B., Bouter L.M., Alonso J., Patrick D. L., De Vet H.C., Terwee C.B. COSMIN guideline for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures. Qual. Life Res. 2018; 27: 1147–1157.

73. Honda H., Shimizu Y., Nitto Y., Imai M., Ozawa T., Iwasa M., Shiga K., Hira T. Extraction and refinement strategy for detection of autism in 18‑month-old: A guarantee of higher sensivity and specificity in the process of mass screening. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 2009; 50: 972–981.

1. Kirilova L.G., Miroshnikov A.A., Iuzva A.A. Optimizatsiia diagnostiki rasstroistv autystychnoho spektra u detei ranneho vozrasta [Optimization of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in young children]. Pediatriia. Vostochnaia Evropa [Pediatrics. Eastern Europe]. 2019; 7: 229–241. (In Russ.)

2. Sorokin A.B., Davydova E. Iu., Samarina L.V. et al. Standardizirovannye metody diagnostiki autizma: opyt ispolzovaniia ADOS-2 i ADI-R [Standardized methods for the diagnosis of autism: the experience of using ADOS-2 and ADI-R]. Autizm i narusheniia razvitiia [Autism and Developmental Disorders]. 2021; 19 (1): 12–24. (In Russ.)

3. Filippova N.V., Barylnik Iu.B. Mediko-sotsialnaia pomoshch detiam s rasstroistvami autystychnoho spektra i drugymy narusheniiami razvitiia na territorii Saratovskoi oblasti [Medical and social assistance to children with autism spectrum disorders and other developmental disorders in the Saratov region]. Mental health and education: collection of scientific articles based on the materials of the II Congress «Mental health of a person of the XXI century». 2018; 367–369. (In Russ.)

4. Filippova N.V., Barylnik Iu.B., Bachilo E.V., Guseva M.A., Mishukova A.Iu., Oleinikova E.R. Stigmatizatsiia i rasstroistva autystychnoho spektra: opredelenie problemy i puti resheniia [Stigmatization and autism spectrum disorders: problem definition and solutions]. Psikhicheskoe zdorovie [Mental Health]. 2018; 16. — 1 (140): 45–55. (In Russ.)

5. Filippova N.V., Barylnik Iu.B., Antonova A.A., Bachilo E.V., Deeva M.A., Kormilitsina A.S. Kliniko-diagnosticheskie aspekty rannego detskogo autizma [Clinical and diagnostic aspects of early childhood autism]. Psikhicheskoe zdorovie [Mental Health]. 2016;14–6 (21): 60–71. (In Russ.)

6. Filippova N.V., Barylnik Iu.B., Kamyshonkova M.A., Atapina E.A. Rasstroistva autisticheskogo spektra u detei: osnovnye problemy i puti resheniia (obzor literatury) [Autism spectrum disorders in children: main problems and solutions (literature review)]. Vestnik nevrologii, psikhiatrii i neirokhirurgii [Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery]. 2023; 8: 607–623. (In Russ.)

7. Papkov V. E., Fomicheva E.M. Epidemiologicheskii skrining riska vozniknoveniia rasstroistv autystychnoho spektra u detei [Epidemiological screening of the risk of autism spectrum disorders in children]. Prospects for industry cooperation in complex rehabilitation: Proceedings of the V International Scientific and Practical Conference, Orel, October 20–21, 2022. Orel: Orel State University named after I. S. Turgenev. 2023; 256. (In Russ.)

8. Lauritsen M.B., Pedersen C.B., Mortensen P.B. Effects of familial risk factors and place of birth on the risk of autism: A nationwide register-based study. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry. 2005; 46: 963–971.

9. Robins D. L., Dumont-Mathieu T.M. Early screening for autism spectrum disorders: Update on the modified checklist for autism in toddlers and other measures. J.Dev. Behav. Pediatrics. 2006; 27: 111–119.

10. Christensen D. L., Maenner M.J., Bilder D., Constantino J.N., Daniels J. Durkin M. S., Fitzgerald R.T., Kurzius-Spencer M. Pettygrove S.D., Robinson C. et al. Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 4 Years. Early Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, Seven Sites, United States, 2010, 2012, and 2014. MMWR Surveill. Summ. 2019; 68: 1–19.

11. Christensen D. L., Braun K.V. N., Baio J., Bilder D., Charles J., Constantino J.N., Daniels J., Durkin M. S., Fitzgerald R.T., Kurzius-Spencer M., et al. Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years — Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2012. MMWR Surveill. Summ. 2018; 65: 1.

12. Leo M., Carcagnì P., Distante C., Spagnolo P., Mazzeo P. L., Rosato A.C., Petrocchi S., Pellegrino C., Levante A., De Lumè F., et al. Computational Assessment of Facial Expression Production in ASD Children. Sensors. 2018; 18: 3993.

13. Marlow M., Servili C., Tomlinson M. A review of screening tools for the identification of autism spectrum disorders and developmental delay in infants and young children: Recommendations for use in low-and middle-income countries. Autism Res. 2019; 12: 176–199.

14. Zwaigenbaum L., Bauman M. L., Fein D., Pierce K., Buie T., Davis P.A., Newschaffer C., Robins D. L., Wetherby A., Choueiri R. et al. Early screening of autism spectrum disorder: Recommendations for practice and research. Pediatrics. 2015; 136: 41–59.

15. Sánchez-García A.B., Galindo-Villardón P., Nieto-Librero A. B., Martín-Rodero H., Robins D. L. Toddler Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy. JADD. 2019; 49: 1837–1852.

16. Terwee C.B., Mokkink L.B., Knol D. L., Ostelo R.W., Bouter L.M., de Vet H.C. Rating the methodological quality in systematic reviews of studies on measurement properties: A scoring system for the COSMIN checklist. Qual. Life Res. 2012; 21: 651–657.

17. Levante A., Petrocchi S., Lecciso F. Systematic review protocol of measures for the early detection of risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder risk in toddlers. Life sp. Dis. 2019; 22: 55–75.

18. Moher D., Liberati A., Tetzlaff J., Altman D.G., Prisma Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009; 6: 100–197.

19. Mokkink L.B., Terwee C.B., Patrick D. L., Alonso J., Stratford P.W., Knol D. L., Bouter L.M., De Vet H.C. The COSMIN checklist for assessing the methodological quality of studies on measurement properties of health status measurement instruments: An international Delphi study. Qual. Life Res. 2010; 19: 539–549

20. Terwee C.B., Mokkink L.B., Knol D. L., Ostelo R.W., Bouter L.M., De Vet H.C. Rating the methodological quality in systematic reviews of studies on measurement properties: A scoring system for the COSMIN checklist. Qual. Life Res. 2012; 21: 651–657.

21. Hedley D., Young R., Angelica M., Gallegos J., Marcin Salazar C. Cross-cultural evaluation of the Autism Detection in Early Childhood (ADEC) in Mexico. Autism 2010; 14: 93–112.

22. Nah Y.H., Young R. L., Brewer N. Using the Autism Detection in Early Childhood (ADEC) and Childhood Autism Rating Scales (CARS) to predict long term outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorders. JADD. 2014; 44, 2301–2310.

23. Nah Y.H., Young R. L., Brewer N., Berlingeri G. Autism Detection in Early Childhood (ADEC): Reliability and validity data for a level 2 screening tool for autistic disorder. Psychol. Assess. 2014; 26: 215.

24. Hedley D., Nevill R. E., Monroy-Moreno Y., Fields N., Wilkins J., Butter E., Mulick J.A. Efficacy of the ADEC in identifying autism spectrum disorder in clinically referred toddlers in the US. JADD. 2015; 45: 2337–2348.

25. Bryson S. E., Zwaigenbaum L., McDermott C., Rombough V., Brian J. The Autism Observation Scale for Infants: Scale development and reliability data. JADD. 2008; 38: 731–738.

26. Brian J., Bryson S. E., Garon N., Roberts W., Smith I.M., Szatmari P., Zwaigenbaum L. Clinical assessment of autism in high-risk 18‑month-olds. Autism 2008; 12: 433–456.

27. Gammer I., Bedford R., Elsabbagh M., Garwood H., Pasco G., Tucker L., Volein A., Johnson M.H., Charman T. The BASIS Team. Behavioural markers for autism in infancy: Scores on the Autism Observational Scale for Infants in a prospective study of at-risk siblings. Inf. Behav. Dev. 2015; 38: 107–115.

28. Matson J. L., Fodstad J.C., Dempsey T. What symptoms predict the diagnosis of autism or PDD-NOS in infants and toddlers with developmental delays using the Baby and Infant Screen for Autism Traits. Dev. Neurorehab. 2009; 12: 381–388.

29. Matson J. L., Wilkins J., Sharp B., Knight C., Sevin J.A., Boisjoli J.A. Sensitivity and specificity of the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with Autism Traits (BISCUIT): Validity and cutoff scores for autism and PDD-NOS in toddlers. Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. 2009; 3: 924–930.

30. Matson J. L., Wilkins J., Sevin J.A., Knight C., Boisjoli J.A., Sharp B. Reliability and item content of the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with Autism Traits (BISCUIT): Parts 1–3. Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. 2009; 3: 336–344.

31. Matson J. L., Boisjoli J.A., Hess J.A., Wilkins J. Factor structure and diagnostic fidelity of the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with Autism Traits — Part 1 (BISCUIT — Part 1). Dev. Neurorehab. 2010; 13: 72–79.

32. Matson J. L., Wilkins J., Fodstad J.C. The validity of the baby and infant screen for children with autism traits: Part 1 (BISCUIT: Part 1). JADD 2011; 41: 1139–1146.

33. Dereu M., Warreyn P., Raymaekers R., Meirsschaut M., Pattyn G., Schietecatte I., Roeyers H. Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorders in Flemish Day-Care Centres with the Checklist for Early Signs of Developmental Disorders. JADD 2010; 40: 1247–1258.

34. Baron-Cohen S., Allen J., Gillberg C. Can autism be detected at 18 months? The needle, the haystack, and the CHAT. Br.J. Psychiatry. 1992; 161: 839–843.

35. Baron-Cohen S., Cox A., Baird G., Swettenham J., Nightingale N., Morgan K., Drew A., Charman T. Psychological markers in the detection of autism in infancy in a large population. Br.J. Psychiatry 1996; 168: 158–163.

36. Gray K.M., Tonge B.J., Sweeney D.J., Einfeld S. L. Screening for Autism in young children with developmental delay: An evaluation of the Developmental Behavior Checklist: Early Screen. JADD 2008; 38: 1003–1010.

37. Dietz C., Swinkels S., van Daalen E., van Engeland H., Buitelaar J.K. Screening for Autistic Spectrum Disorder in Children Aged 14–15 Months. II: Population Screening with the Early Screening of Autistic Traits Questionnaire (ESAT). Design and General Findings. JADD 2006; 36: 713–722.

38. Möricke E., Swinkels S.H. N., Beuker K.T., Buitelaar J.K. Predictive value of subclinical autistic traits at age 14–15 months for behavioural and cognitive problems at age 3–5 years. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry. 2010; 19: 659–668.

39. Reznick J. S., Baranek G.T., Reavis S., Watson L.R., Crais E.R. A parent- report instrument for identifying one-year-olds at risk for an eventual diagnosis of autism: The first year inventory. JADD 2017; 37: 1691–1710.

40. Ben-Sasson A., Carter A. S. The application of the first-year inventory for ASD screening in Israel. JADD 2012; 42: 1906–1916.

41. Turner-Brown L.M., Baranek G.T., Reznick J. S., Watson L.R., Crais E.R. The First Year Inventory: A longitudinal follow-up of 12‑month-old to 3‑year-old children. Autism 2013; 17: 527–540.

42. Nygren G., Sandberg E., Gillstedt F., Ekeroth G., Arvidsson T., Gillberg C. A new screening program for autism in a general population of Swedish toddlers. Res.Dev. Dis. 2012; 33: 1200–1210.

43. Robins D. L., Fein D., Barton M. L., Green J.A. The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers: An initial study investigating the early detection of autism and pervasive developmental disorders. JADD 2001; 31: 131–144.

44. Snow A.V., Lecavalier L. Sensitivity and specificity of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers and the Social Communication Questionnaire in preschoolers suspected of having pervasive developmental disorders. Autism 2008; 12: 627–644.

45. Seif Eldin A., Habib D., Noufal A., Farrag S., Bazaid K., Al-Sharbati M., Badr H., Moussa S., Essali A., Gaddour N. Use of M–CHAT for a multinational screening of young children with autism in the Arab countries. Int.Rev. Psychiatry 2008; 20: 281–289.

46. Canal-Bedia R., García-Primo P., Martín-Cilleros M.V., Santos-Borbujo J., Guisuraga-Fernández Z., Herráez-García L., del Mar Herraez-Garcia M., Boada-Muños L., Fuentes-Biggi M., Posada-de La Paz M. Modified checklist for autism in toddlers: Cross-cultural adaptation and validation in Spain. JADD 2011; 41: 1342–1351.

47. Inada N., Koyama T., Inokuchi E., Kuroda M., KamioY. Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Modified Checklist for autism in toddlers (M–CHAT). Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. 2011; 5: 330–336.

48. Albores-Gallo L., Roldán-Ceballos O., Villarreal-Valdes G., Betanzos-Cruz B.X., Santos-Sánchez C., Martínez-Jaime M.M., Lemus-Espinosa I., Hilton C.L. M–CHAT Mexican version validity and reliability and some cultural considerations. ISRN Neurol. 2012; 408694:1–408694:7.

49. Kozlowski A.M., Matson J.L., Worley J.A., Sipes M., Horovitz M. Defining characteristics for young children meeting cutoff on the modified checklist for autism in toddlers. Res. Autism. Spectr. Disord. 2012; 6: 472–479.

50. Scarpa A., Reyes N.M., Patriquin M.A., Lorenzi J., Hassenfeldt T.A., Desai V.J., Kerkering K.W. The modified checklist for autism in toddlers: Reliability in a diverse rural American sample. JADD 2013; 43: 2269–2279.

51. Matson J.L., Kozlowski A.M., Fitzgerald M.E., Sipes M. True versus false positives and negatives on the Modified Checklist For Autism in Toddlers. Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. 2013; 7: 17–22.

52. Stenberg N., Bresnahan M., Gunnes N., Hirtz D., Hornig M., Lie K.K., Lipkin W.I., Lord C., Magnus P., Kjennerud T.R., et al. Identifying children with autism spectrum disorder at 18 months in a general population sample. Paed. Perinat. Epidem. 2014; 28: 255–262.

53. Seung H., Ji J., Kim S.J., Sung I., Youn Y.A., Hong G., Lee H., Lee Y.H., Lee H., Youm H.K. Examination of the Korean modified checklist of autism in toddlers: Item response theory. JADD 2015; 45: 2744–2757.

54. Cuesta-Gómez J.L., Andrea Manzone L., Posada-De-La-Paz M. Modified checklist for autism in toddler cross-cultural adaptation for Argentina. Int.J. Dev. Dis. 2016; 62: 117–123.

55. Baduel S., Guillon Q., Afzali M.H., Foudon N., Kruck J., Rogé B. The French version of the modified-checklist for autism in toddlers (M–CHAT): A validation study on a French sample of 24 months old children. JADD 2017; 47: 297–304.

56. Kleinman J.M., Robins D.L., Ventola P.E., Pandey J., Boorstein H.C., Esser E.L., Wilson L.B., Rosenthal M.A., Sutera S., Verbalis A.D. The modified checklist for autism in toddlers: A follow-up study investigating the early detection of autism spectrum disorders. JADD 2008; 38: 827–839.

57. Chlebowski C., Robins D.L., Barton M.L., Fein D. Large-scale use of the modified checklist for autism in low-risk toddlers. Pediatrics 2013; 131: 1121–1127.

58. Robins D.L., Casagrande K., Barton M., Chen C.M. A., Dumont-Mathieu T., Fein D. Validation of the modified checklist for autism in toddlers, revised with follow-up (M–CHAT-R/F). Pediatrics 2014; 133: 37–45.

59. Brennan L., Fein D., Como A., Rathwell I.C., Chen C.M. Use of the Modified Checklist for Autism, Revised with Follow Up-Albanian to Screen for ASD in Albania. JADD 2016; 46: 3392–3407.

60. Carakovac M., Jovanovic J., Kalanj M., Rudic N., Aleksic-Hil O., Aleksic B., Villalobos I.B., Kasuya H., Ozaki N., Lecic-Tosevski D. Serbian language version of the modified checklist for autism in toddlers, revised, with follow-up: Cross-cultural adaptation and assessment of reliability. Sci. Rep. 2016; 6: 38–53.

61. Windiani I.G. A. T., Soetjiningsih S., Adnyana I.G. A. S., Lestari K.A. Indonesian Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddler, Revised with Follow-Up (M–CHAT-R/F) for Autism Screening in Children at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali- Indonesia. Bali Med.J. 2016; 5: 133–137.

62. Guo C., Luo M., Wang X., Huang S., Meng Z., Shao J., Zhang X., Shao Z., Wu J., Robins D.L. Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised, with Follow-Up (M–CHAT-R/F). JADD 2018; 1–12.

63. Sangare M., Toure H.B., Toure A., Karembe A., Dolo H., Coulibaly Y.I., Kouyate M., Traore K., Diakite S.A., Coulibaly S. Validation of two parent-reported autism spectrum disorders screening tools M–CHAT-R and SCQ in Bamako, Mali. eNeurol. Sci. 2019; 15: 100–188.

64. Feldman M.A., Ward R.A., Savona D., Regehr K., Parker K., Hudson M., Penning H., Holden J.A. Development and Initial Validation of Parent Report Measure of the Behavioral development of infants at risk for Autism Spectrum Disorders. JADD 2012; 42: 13–22.

65. Allison C., Baron-Cohen S., Wheelwright S., Charman T., Richler J., Pasco G., Brayne C. The Q-CHAT (Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers): A normally distributed quantitative measure of autistic traits at 18–24 months of age: Preliminary report. JADD 2008; 38: 1414–1425.

66. Magiati I., Goh D.A., Lim S.J., Gan D.Z. Q., Leong J.C. L., Allison C., Baron-Cohen S., Rifkin-Graboi A., Broekman B.F. P., Saw S.M. The psychometric properties of the Quantitative-Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT) as a measure of autistic traits in a community sample of Singaporean infants and toddlers. Mol. Autism 2015; 6: 40.

67. Ruta L., Chiarotti F., Arduino G.M., Apicella F., Leonardi E., Maggio R., Carozza C., Chericoni N., Costanzo V., Turco N. Validation of the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT) in an Italian clinical sample of young children with Autism and Other Developmental Disorders. Front. Psychiatry 2019; 10: 488.

68. Rutaa L., Arduino G.M., Gagliano A., Apicella F., Leonardi E., Famà F.I., Chericoni N., Costanzo V., Turco N., Tartarisco G. Psychometric properties, factor structure and cross-cultural validity of the quantitative Checklist for autism in toddlers (Q-CHAT) in an Italian community setting. Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. 2019; 64: 39–48.

69. Lecciso F., Levante A., Signore F., Petrocchi S. Preliminary evidence of the Structural Validity and measurement invariance of the Quantitative-Checklist for Autism in Toddler (Q-CHAT) on Italian unselected children. EJASA 2019; 12: 320–340.

70. Persson B., Nordstrom B., Petersson K., Månsson M.E., Sivberg B. Screening for infants with developmental deficits and/or autism: A Swedish pilot study. J. Pediatric Nurs. 2006; 21: 313–324.

71. Oner P., Oner O., Munir K. Three-Item Direct Observation Screen (TIDOS) for autism spectrum disorder. Autism 2014; 18: 733–742.

72. Prinsen C.A., Mokkink L.B., Bouter L.M., Alonso J., Patrick D.L., De Vet H.C., Terwee C.B. COSMIN guideline for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures. Qual. Life Res. 2018; 27: 1147–1157.

73. Honda H., Shimizu Y., Nitto Y., Imai M., Ozawa T., Iwasa M., Shiga K., Hira T. Extraction and refinement strategy for detection of autism in 18‑month-old: A guarantee of higher sensivity and specificity in the process of mass screening. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 2009; 50: 972–981.

Актуальность своевременной диагностики расстройств аутистического спектра (РАС) обусловлена значительной вариабельностью возраста постановки диагноза, часто превышающего 28–40 месяцев, что ведет к запоздалым коррекционным вмешательствам. Несмотря на доказанную эффективность ранней диагностики для улучшения адаптации, развития социальных навыков и снижения риска вторичных нарушений, а также наличие скрининговых инструментов, применимых до 24 месяцев и классифицируемых по уровням (общепопуляционный и для групп риска), внедрение стандартизированного скрининга в рутинную педиатрическую практику остается актуальной задачей. Существующие обзоры скрининговых методов часто имеют методологические ограничения (несистематичность, узкая региональная направленность, недостаточный анализ метрических характеристик), что подчеркивает необходимость настоящего анализа, направленного на оценку инструментов, пригодных для применения широким кругом специалистов и родителей.

Целью данного систематического обзора стало преодоление ограничения предыдущих обзоров, проведение систематического поиска скрининговых инструментов уровня 1 и 2 для РАС (расстройств аутистического спектра) и оценка их психометрических свойств в соответствии с чек-листом COSMIN.

Международные исследования демонстрируют значительную вариабельность возраста постановки диагноза расстройств аутистического спектра (РАС): от 28 до 39 месяцев среди 4‑летних детей и до 40 месяцев в когорте 8‑летних [1]. В связи с выявленными эпидемиологическими тенденциями современные клинические рекомендации предполагают включение стандартизированного скрининга в педиатрические осмотры для своевременного выявления ранних признаков РАС, включая начальные маркеры формирования модели психического состояния (Theory of Mind).

Эффективная диагностика предполагает двухэтапный процесс: первичный скрининг с использованием валидизированных инструментов и последующую углубленную диагностику с применением «золотых стандартов», таких как ADI-R и ADOS-2 [2].

Для Цитирования:
Бычкова Полина Павловна, Филиппова Наталья Валерьевна, Барыльник Юлия Борисовна, Систематический обзор инструментов скрининга 1‑го и 2‑го уровня для расстройств аутистического спектра у детей раннего возраста. Вестник неврологии, психиатрии и нейрохирургии. 2026;1.
Полная версия статьи доступна подписчикам журнала
Язык статьи:
Действия с выбранными: