The most substantial violation of the employees’ rights can entail criminal liability.
In particular, according to Art. 1451 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the liability appears for full or partial non-payment of wages, pension benefits, educational scholarship, allowances and other payments.
The strengthened criminal liability in the form of imprisonment from two to five years with deprivation of the right to hold specific posts or conduct the specific activity for a period up to five years appears in case of severe consequences resulted from such act (P. 3 Art. 1451 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).
For inculpation of the mentioned assault, in addition to the establishment of the act consisting in the act of omission in the form of full or partial non-payment of wages, the severe consequences and causal relationships between the consequences and the act must be also proven.
The Criminal Code of the Russian Federation uses the classification feature of severe consequences as evaluative since the appearance of severe consequences resulted from crime under article 1451 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is used without interpretation.
Of course, the notions used in law must conform to the principle of juridical security for citizens to be able to correlate their acts with juridical regulations without any difficulties. However, this requirement is not absolute, including the sphere of criminal-legal regulation.
In particular, according to the legal view of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the requirements set forth to the quality of the criminal law do not mean that the evaluative or common notions (categories) that provide for considering the efficient application of penal prohibitions to an unlimited number of specific law situations cannot be used for wording the regulations (definitions No. 323-О dated 05/03/2013, No. 2521-О dated 23/10/2014 and others).