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УДК: 614.777:628.35 DOI:10.33920/med-08-2105-02

Sanitary and parasitological state of water bodies of the Astrakhan region for 2011–2020

Shemetova Svetlana Aleksandrovna parasitologist of the Laboratory of Bacteriological and Parasitological Research, FBHI Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Astrakhan Region, 89, Kirova str., Astrakhan, 414057, e-mail: svetlana525.86@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3066-2676
Nikeshina Tatyana Vasilievna clinical resident of the Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, FSBEI HE Astrakhan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, epidemiologist of the FBHI Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Astrakhan Region, 121, Bakinskaya str., Astrakhan, 414000, e-mail: ntv1996tah@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8926-2730
Polyanskaya Nina Vitalievna head of the Test Laboratory Center, FBHI Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Astrakhan Region, 89, Kirova str., Astrakhan, 414057, e-mail: nina.polyanskaya.73@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1228-4947
Shendo Gennadiy Leonidovich chief physician of the FBHI Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Astrakhan Region, 89, Kirova str., Astrakhan, 414057, e-mail: astrfguz.org@yandex.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0969-8543
Arakelyan Rudolf Sergeevich associate professor, PhD Candidate in Medicine, associate professor of the Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, FSBEI HE Astrakhan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 121, Bakinskaya str., Astrakhan, 414000, e-mail: rudolf_astrakhan@rambler.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7549-2925
Korolkova Valeriya Sergeevna head of the Department of Consultative, Diagnostic and Early Care, neurologist of SAI AO Regional Rehabilitation Center for Children and Adolescents with Disabilities, 26A, Botvina str., Astrakhan, 414052, e-mail: korolkova.valeria@yandex.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3644-5365
Artsueva Khedi Bekkhanovna 3rd year student of the Medical Faculty, FSBEI HE Astrakhan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 121, Bakinskaya str., Astrakhan, 414000, e-mail: khedi.artsueva@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9241-9663

The article presents the material on the sanitary-parasitological state of water bodies of the Astrakhan region for 2011–2020. In total, during the analyzed period, laboratory studies were conducted on 77,017 samples taken from environmental objects (soil, water, flushes from solid household surfaces). The share of water samples in the structure of general sanitary and parasitological studies of the environment was 7.6 % (5858 samples), including unsatisfactory samples was 3.0 % (175 samples). The structure of positive findings in water samples was represented by 6 nosological forms of helminthiasis — 88.0 % (154 samples) and 3 nosoforms of protozoa — 12.0 %. Water samples were taken from various sources in Astrakhan and the Astrakhan region and examined for the presence of eggs and larvae of helminths, cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa and oocysts of cryptosporidia: water from open reservoirs, centralized water supply, swimming pools, waste water, water from wells and bottled water. As a result of the conducted studies, the results were obtained, indicating that the parasitic contamination of water bodies of the Astrakhan region remains very intense, as evidenced by positive findings in the form of eggs and larvae of helminths and cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa; the presence in the studied water samples of eggs and larvae of helminths and pathogenic protozoa cysts, evidence of the contamination of these objects feces of infected people (eggs broad tapeworm, Ascaris, opisthorchis, pinworms, Giardia cysts, amoebas and blastocyst) and animals (egg opistorchis, Toxocara, larvae strongylid); the presence of positive findings in the sewage samples indicates poor disinfestation data objects; the presence of parasitic agents in water samples taken from open reservoirs indicates that they are contaminated with the feces of infected animals and people, or that the object is contaminated with sewage and / or sewage.

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Conflict of interests: The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Financing. The study had no sponsorship

In recent years, in our country, there has been a deterioration in the epidemiological and ecological situation associated with an intense anthropogenic load on various objects of the environment, which later served as the basis for revising views on the current tense epidemic situation with regard to parasitic diseases. Undoubtedly, a special role in the structure of all parasitic invasions belongs to intestinal protozoal invasions, an increase in which is noted every year. Such intestinal protozoa, which are transmitted by water, include giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis. Human infection with these invasions occurs when the cysts of lamblia and oocyst-cryptosporidium are swallowed with drinking water or while swimming in surface water bodies [1].

Currently, helminth-protozoal invasions are widespread in the world and represent a medical and socio-economic problem for the entire health care system in general, in which the prevention of parasitic invasions in humans and animals is of great importance. Thus, the spread of parasitic diseases among people most often depends on the ecological and parasitic state of environmental objects, the elements of which in most cases serve as a kind of carrier or factor of certain parasites [2].

A huge number of parasites are known that parasitize both humans and animals. All this often contributes to the fact that both humans and animals can release a huge number of pathogens of various parasitic invasions into the external environment. The most contaminated parasitic agents are often water and soil, which in the spring-autumn period serve as transmission factors for parasitic diseases, thereby increasing the risk of new infections in humans and animals [3].

According to experts from the World Health Organization, more than 80 % of infectious and parasitic diseases are transmitted to humans through helminths contaminated with eggs and larvae, as well as pathogenic intestinal protozoa cysts through various water bodies (open water bodies, swimming pools, sewage sludge) [4].

Для Цитирования:
Shemetova Svetlana Aleksandrovna, Nikeshina Tatyana Vasilievna, Polyanskaya Nina Vitalievna, Shendo Gennadiy Leonidovich, Arakelyan Rudolf Sergeevich, Korolkova Valeriya Sergeevna, Artsueva Khedi Bekkhanovna, Sanitary and parasitological state of water bodies of the Astrakhan region for 2011–2020. Санитарный врач. 2021;5.
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