Conflict of interests: The authors declare no conflict of interests.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship
In recent years, in our country, there has been a deterioration in the epidemiological and ecological situation associated with an intense anthropogenic load on various objects of the environment, which later served as the basis for revising views on the current tense epidemic situation with regard to parasitic diseases. Undoubtedly, a special role in the structure of all parasitic invasions belongs to intestinal protozoal invasions, an increase in which is noted every year. Such intestinal protozoa, which are transmitted by water, include giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis. Human infection with these invasions occurs when the cysts of lamblia and oocyst-cryptosporidium are swallowed with drinking water or while swimming in surface water bodies [1].
Currently, helminth-protozoal invasions are widespread in the world and represent a medical and socio-economic problem for the entire health care system in general, in which the prevention of parasitic invasions in humans and animals is of great importance. Thus, the spread of parasitic diseases among people most often depends on the ecological and parasitic state of environmental objects, the elements of which in most cases serve as a kind of carrier or factor of certain parasites [2].
A huge number of parasites are known that parasitize both humans and animals. All this often contributes to the fact that both humans and animals can release a huge number of pathogens of various parasitic invasions into the external environment. The most contaminated parasitic agents are often water and soil, which in the spring-autumn period serve as transmission factors for parasitic diseases, thereby increasing the risk of new infections in humans and animals [3].
According to experts from the World Health Organization, more than 80 % of infectious and parasitic diseases are transmitted to humans through helminths contaminated with eggs and larvae, as well as pathogenic intestinal protozoa cysts through various water bodies (open water bodies, swimming pools, sewage sludge) [4].