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УДК: 616.89 DOI:10.33920/med-01-2505-09

Роль приверженности к терапии в лечебно-реабилитационном потенциале у пациентов с манифестными формами шизофрении

Чинарев Виталий Александрович врач-психиатр, заведующий клиническим отделением первого психотического эпизода, ГБУЗ «Областная клиническая специализированная психоневрологическая больница № 1», ассистент кафедры психиатрии, ФГБОУ ВО «Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, г. Челябинск, е-mail: v.chinarev@okspnb.ru, ORCID: 0000-0003-3471-5293
Малинина Елена Викторовна доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой психиатрии, ФГБОУ ВО «Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, г. Челябинск, е-mail: malinina.e@rambler.ru, ORCID: 0000-0002-5811-4428

Современные клинические рекомендации по лечению шизофрении, основанные на принципах доказательной медицины, подчеркивают центральную роль антипсихотических препаратов в долгосрочной поддерживающей терапии пациентов с данным заболеванием. Однако, несмотря на доказанную эффективность антипсихотической терапии, проблема несоблюдения режима лечения (комплаенса) остается одной из наиболее актуальных и сложных в клинической практике. Низкий уровень приверженности у пациентов с шизофренией ассоциируется с низким лечебно-реабилитационным потенциалом, как следствием, повышенным риском рецидивов, повторных госпитализаций, суицидального поведения и преждевременной смертности. Кроме того, несоблюдение режима лечения негативно влияет на прогноз заболевания, способствуя его хронизации, развитию резистентности к терапии, ухудшению когнитивных функций и социальной дезадаптации, что в конечном итоге приводит к значительному снижению качества жизни пациентов. Целью данного нарративного обзора является анализ существующих исследований, посвящённых влиянию приверженности к терапии (комплаенса) на лечебно-реабилитационный потенциал пациентов с манифестными формами шизофрении, с акцентом на выявление факторов, способствующих или препятствующих соблюдению терапии, и оценку её последствий для реабилитации и прогноза заболевания. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что высокий уровень комплаенса ассоциируется с улучшением клинических исходов, включая снижение частоты рецидивов, достижение устойчивой ремиссии, улучшение когнитивных функций и повышение качества жизни. Напротив, низкая приверженность к терапии приводит к снижению реабилитационного потенциала и ухудшению прогноза заболевания, увеличению частоты госпитализаций и социальной дезадаптации.

Литература:

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2. Green M. F., Horan W. P., Lee J. Nonsocial and social cognition in schizophrenia: current evidence and future directions // World psychiatry. 2019; 18 (2): 146–161.

3. Kotzeva A. et al. Socioeconomic burden of schizophrenia: a targeted literature review of types of costs and associated drivers across 10 countries //Journal of medical economics. 2023; 26 (1): 70–83.

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10. Sriramulu, S. B.; Elangovan, A. R.; Isaac, M.; Kalyanasundaram, J. R. Treatment non-adherence pattern among persons with neuropsychiatric disorders: A study from a rural community mental health centre in India. Int.J. Soc. Psychiatry 2021, 00207640211008462.

11. Blum, G. B.; Bins, R. B.; Rabelo-Da-Ponte, F. D.; Passos, I. C. Stigmatizing attitudes toward psychiatric disorders: A crosssectional population-based survey. J. Psychiatr. Res. 2021; 139: 179–184.

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16. Ballouk H. et al. Impact of negative signs on therapeutic compliance in patients with schizophrenia //European Psychiatry. 2024; 67 (S1): S731-S731.

17. Panda U. K. et al. Interplay between tuberculosis, mental illness, and treatment compliance: An integrative literature review //Indian Journal of Tuberculosis. 2024; 71 (3): 353–357.

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19. Çetinkayaduman Z. et al. The social and independent living skills, the community re-entery program for and follow-up of patients with schizophrenia and their families //Alpha Psychiatry. 2021; 8 (2): 91–101.

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21. Burhan H. Ş., Karadere E. Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for patients with psychosis being monitored at a community mental health center: A six-month follow-up study //Alpha Psychiatry. 2021; 22 (4): 206.

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24. Myin-Germeys I. et al. Efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy in daily life in early psychosis: Results from the multi-center INTERACT randomized controlled trial //Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2022; 91 (6): 411–423.

25. Shen Z. H. et al. Virtual-reality-based social cognition and interaction training for patients with schizophrenia: a preliminary efficacy study //Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2022; 13: 1022278.

26. Ertem M. Y., Duman Z. Ç. The effect of motivational interviews on treatment adherence and insight levels of patients with schizophrenia: A randomized controlled study //Perspectives in psychiatric care. 2019; 55 (1): 75–86.

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30. Wood H.J. et al. Group teletherapy for first‐episode psychosis: Piloting its integration with coordinated specialty care during the COVID‐19 pandemic //Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice. 2021; 94 (2): 382–389.

31. Montes JM, Medina E, Gomez-Beneyto M, Maurino J. A short message service (SMS) — based strategy for enhancing adherence to antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 2012; 200: 89–95. DOI: 10.1016/j. psychres.2012.07.034

32. Velligan D, Mintz J, Maples N, et al. A randomized trial comparing in person and electronic interventions for improving adherence to oral medications in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 2013; 39: 999–1007. DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbs116

33. Mishra A, Sai Krishna G, Sravani A, et al. Impact of pharmacist-led collaborative patient education on medication adherence and quality of life of schizophrenia patients in a tertiary care setting. Bull. Fac. Pharmacy, Cairo Univ. 2017; 55: 345–349. DOI: 10.1016/j.bfopcu.2017.08.001

34. Degnan A. et al. The relationship between stigma and subjective quality of life in psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis //Clinical Psychology Review. 2021; 85: 102003.

35. van der Schyff E. L. et al. Providing self-led mental health support through an artificial intelligence — powered chat bot (Leora) to Meet the demand of mental health care //Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2023; 25: e46448.

36. Hamann J. et al. Implementing shared decision-making on acute psychiatric wards: a cluster-randomized trial with inpatients suffering from schizophrenia (SDM-PLUS) //Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences. 2020; 29: e137.

37. Xu Y. et al. Exploring patient medication adherence and data mining methods in clinical big data: A contemporary review //Journal of Evidence‐Based Medicine. 2023; 16 (3): 342–375.

38. Boyer L. et al. Real-world effectiveness of long-acting injectable antipsychotic treatments in a nationwide cohort of 12,373 patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders //Molecular Psychiatry. 2023; 28 (9): 3709–3716.

39. Townsend M. et al. Antipsychotic-related stigma and the impact on treatment choices: a systematic review and framework synthesis //Patient preference and adherence. 2022: 373–401.

40. Inwanna S., Duangchan C., Matthews A. K. Effectiveness of interventions to promote medication adherence in schizophrenic populations in Thailand: a systematic review //International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19 (5): 2887.

41. Karabulut B., Uslu E. Schizophrenia and medication adherence: Associated factors //Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 2024; 49: 47–54.

42. Liu-Seifert, Hong, Olawale O. Osuntokun, and Peter D. Feldman. «Factors associated with adherence to treatment with olanzapine and other atypical antipsychotic medications in patients with schizophrenia.» Comprehensive Psychiatry 53.1 2012: 107–115.

43. Чинарев В. А., Малинина Е. В., Обухова М. Д., Доманова Е. В. Клинические аспекты членовредительства при расстройстве половой идентичности и шизофрении, комплексный подход в лечении и реабилитации. Вестник неврологии, психиатрии и нейрохирургии. 2024; 17 (11 (178)): 1333–1344. DOI 10.33920/med-01-2411-08.

44. Misdrahi, David, et al. «The influence of therapeutic alliance and insight on medication adherence in schizophrenia.» Nordic journal of psychiatry 66.1. 2012: 49–54.

45. Ghosh, Papiya, et al. «Factors associated with medication non-adherence among patients with severe mental disorder-a cross sectional study in a tertiary care centre.» Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy 7. 2022: 100178.

46. Giordano, Giulia M., et al. «Factors influencing the outcome of integrated therapy approach in schizophrenia: A narrative review of the literature.» Frontiers in Psychiatry 13. 2022: 970210.

1. McCutcheon R. A., Keefe R. S. E., McGuire P. K. Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: aetiology, pathophysiology, and treatment //Molecular psychiatry. 2023; 28 (5): 1902–1918.

2. Green M. F., Horan W. P., Lee J. Nonsocial and social cognition in schizophrenia: current evidence and future directions // World psychiatry. 2019; 18 (2): 146–161.

3. Kotzeva A. et al. Socioeconomic burden of schizophrenia: a targeted literature review of types of costs and associated drivers across 10 countries //Journal of medical economics. 2023; 26 (1): 70–83.

4. Karslioğlu E. H. et al. Prospective analysis of serum prolactin levels, clinical symptomatology and sexual functions in patients with schizophrenia switched to paliperidone palmitate 3‐monthly from paliperidone palmitate 1‐monthly: Preliminary findings of the first 3 months //Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental. 2022; 37 (3): e2827.

5. Chinarev, V. A. Pervyi psikhoticheskii epizod: kliniko-diagnosticheskie aspekty i terapevticheskie podkhody [The first psychotic episode: clinical, diagnostic aspects, and therapeutic approaches]. Doctor.Ru. 2024; 23 (7): 102–112. DOI: 10.3 1550/1727-2378-2024-23-7-102-112. (In Russ.)

6. Samson C. et al. Reasoning and interpretation cognitive biases related to psychotic characteristics: An umbrella-review //Plos one. 2024; 19 (12): e0314965.

7. Zoromba M.A. et al. Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychotic Severity Among Inpatients With Primary Psychoses: A Randomized Controlled Trial //International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. 2024; 33 (6): 2239–2256.

8. Chinarev, V. A. Klinicheskoe, funktsionalnoe i lichnostnoe vosstanovlenie kak orientir v reabilitatsii patsientov, perenesshikh pervyi psikhoticheskii [Clinical, functional and personal recovery as a guideline in the rehabilitation of patients who have undergone the first psychotic]. Mezhdunarodnyi nauchno-issledovatelskii zhurnal [International Scientific Research Journal]. 2024; 9 (147). DOI 10.60797/IRJ.2024.147.86. (In Russ.)

9. Gebeyehu, D. A.; Mulat, H.; Bekana, L.; Asemamaw, N. T.; Birarra, M. K.; Takele, W. W.; Angaw, D. A. Psychotropic medication non-adherence among patients with severe mental disorder attending at Bahir Dar Felege Hiwote Referral hospital, north west Ethiopia. BMC Res. 2019; 12: 102.

10. Sriramulu, S. B.; Elangovan, A. R.; Isaac, M.; Kalyanasundaram, J. R. Treatment non-adherence pattern among persons with neuropsychiatric disorders: A study from a rural community mental health centre in India. Int.J. Soc. Psychiatry 2021, 00207640211008462.

11. Blum, G. B.; Bins, R. B.; Rabelo-Da-Ponte, F. D.; Passos, I. C. Stigmatizing attitudes toward psychiatric disorders: A crosssectional population-based survey. J. Psychiatr. Res. 2021; 139: 179–184.

12. Hayes S. C. et al. Evolving an idionomic approach to processes of change: Towards a unified personalized science of human improvement //Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2022; 156: 104155.

13. Li I.H., Hsieh W. L., Liu W. I. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of adherence therapy and its treatment duration in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders //Patient preference and adherence. 2023: 769–780.

14. Şahin Altun Ö. et al. An analysis of the relationship between social support levels and treatment compliance of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia //Perspectives in psychiatric care. 2022; 58 (2).

15. Guo J. et al. Influencing factors of medication adherence in schizophrenic patients: a meta-analysis //Schizophrenia. 2023; 9 (1): 31.

16. Ballouk H. et al. Impact of negative signs on therapeutic compliance in patients with schizophrenia //European Psychiatry. 2024; 67 (S1): S731-S731.

17. Panda U. K. et al. Interplay between tuberculosis, mental illness, and treatment compliance: An integrative literature review //Indian Journal of Tuberculosis. 2024; 71 (3): 353–357.

18. Fernández-Miranda J.J. et al. Paliperidone palmitate every three months (PP3M) 2-year treatment compliance, effectiveness and satisfaction compared with paliperidone palmitate-monthly (PP1M) in people with severe schizophrenia //Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10 (7): 1408.

19. Çetinkayaduman Z. et al. The social and independent living skills, the community re-entery program for and follow-up of patients with schizophrenia and their families //Alpha Psychiatry. 2021; 8 (2): 91–101.

20. Sorokin M. Y. et al. Revisiting drug compliance: the Need for a holistic approach in the treatment of severe mental disorders //Consortium Psychiatricum. 2021; 2 (3): 17–25.

21. Burhan H. Ş., Karadere E. Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for patients with psychosis being monitored at a community mental health center: A six-month follow-up study //Alpha Psychiatry. 2021; 22 (4): 206.

22. Özer D., Dişsiz M. The effect of online group based acceptance and commitment therapy on psychotic symptoms and functioning levels of individuals with early psychosis //Schizophrenia Research. 2024; 267: 55–64.

23. Chien W. T. et al. Adherence therapy for schizophrenia: a randomised controlled trial //Hong Kong Med J. 2019; 25 (Suppl 2): 4–9.

24. Myin-Germeys I. et al. Efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy in daily life in early psychosis: Results from the multi-center INTERACT randomized controlled trial //Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2022; 91 (6): 411–423.

25. Shen Z. H. et al. Virtual-reality-based social cognition and interaction training for patients with schizophrenia: a preliminary efficacy study //Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2022; 13: 1022278.

26. Ertem M. Y., Duman Z. Ç. The effect of motivational interviews on treatment adherence and insight levels of patients with schizophrenia: A randomized controlled study //Perspectives in psychiatric care. 2019; 55 (1): 75–86.

27. Bonet L. et al. ReMindCare, an app for daily clinical practice in patients with first episode psychosis: A pragmatic real‐ world study protocol //Early intervention in psychiatry. 2021; 15 (1): 183–192.

28. Shepherd TA, Ul-Haq Z, Ul-Haq M, Khan MF, Afridi A, Dikomitis L, Robinson ME, Lewis M, Rahman A, Dziedzic K, Saeed U, Awan NR, Mallen C, Farooq S. Supervised treatment in outpatients for schizophrenia plus (STOPS+): protocol for a cluster randomised trial of a community-based intervention to improve treatment adherence and reduce the treatment gap for schizophrenia in Pakistan. BMJ Open. 2020; 10 (6): e034709. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019–034709.

29. Lu E. Y. et al. Psychoeducation, motivational interviewing, cognitive remediation training, and/or social skills training in combination for psychosocial functioning of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials //Frontiers in psychiatry. 2022; 13: 899840.

30. Wood H. J. et al. Group teletherapy for first‐episode psychosis: Piloting its integration with coordinated specialty care during the COVID‐19 pandemic //Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice. 2021; 94 (2): 382–389.

31. Montes JM, Medina E, Gomez-Beneyto M, Maurino J. A short message service (SMS) — based strategy for enhancing adherence to antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 2012; 200: 89–95. DOI: 10.1016/j. psychres.2012.07.034

32. Velligan D, Mintz J, Maples N, et al. A randomized trial comparing in person and electronic interventions for improving adherence to oral medications in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 2013; 39: 999–1007. DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbs116

33. Mishra A, Sai Krishna G, Sravani A, et al. Impact of pharmacist-led collaborative patient education on medication adherence and quality of life of schizophrenia patients in a tertiary care setting. Bull. Fac. Pharmacy, Cairo Univ. 2017; 55: 345–349. DOI: 10.1016/j.bfopcu.2017.08.001

34. Degnan A. et al. The relationship between stigma and subjective quality of life in psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis //Clinical Psychology Review. 2021; 85: 102003.

35. van der Schyff E. L. et al. Providing self-led mental health support through an artificial intelligence — powered chat bot (Leora) to Meet the demand of mental health care //Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2023; 25: e46448.

36. Hamann J. et al. Implementing shared decision-making on acute psychiatric wards: a cluster-randomized trial with inpatients suffering from schizophrenia (SDM-PLUS) //Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences. 2020; 29: e137.

37. Xu Y. et al. Exploring patient medication adherence and data mining methods in clinical big data: A contemporary review //Journal of Evidence‐Based Medicine. 2023; 16 (3): 342–375.

38. Boyer L. et al. Real-world effectiveness of long-acting injectable antipsychotic treatments in a nationwide cohort of 12,373 patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders //Molecular Psychiatry. 2023; 28 (9): 3709–3716.

39. Townsend M. et al. Antipsychotic-related stigma and the impact on treatment choices: a systematic review and framework synthesis //Patient preference and adherence. 2022: 373–401.

40. Inwanna S., Duangchan C., Matthews A. K. Effectiveness of interventions to promote medication adherence in schizophrenic populations in Thailand: a systematic review //International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19 (5): 2887.

41. Karabulut B., Uslu E. Schizophrenia and medication adherence: Associated factors //Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 2024; 49: 47–54.

42. Liu-Seifert, Hong, Olawale O. Osuntokun, and Peter D. Feldman. «Factors associated with adherence to treatment with olanzapine and other atypical antipsychotic medications in patients with schizophrenia.» Comprehensive Psychiatry 53.1 2012: 107–115.

43. Chinarev V. A., Malinina E. V., Obukhova M. D., Domanova E. V. Klinicheskie aspekty chlenovreditelstva pri rasstroistve polovoi identichnosti i shizofrenii, kompleksnyi podkhod v lechenii i reabilitatsii [Clinical aspects of self-mutilation in gender identity disorder and schizophrenia, an integrated approach to treatment and rehabilitation]. Vestnik nevrologii, psikhiatrii i neirokhirurgii [Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery]. 2024; 17 (11 (178)): 1333–1344. DOI 10.33920/med-01-2411-08. (In Russ.)

44. Misdrahi, David, et al. «The influence of therapeutic alliance and insight on medication adherence in schizophrenia.» Nordic journal of psychiatry 66.1. 2012: 49–54.

45. Ghosh, Papiya, et al. «Factors associated with medication non-adherence among patients with severe mental disorder-a cross sectional study in a tertiary care centre.» Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy 7. 2022: 100178.

46. Giordano, Giulia M., et al. «Factors influencing the outcome of integrated therapy approach in schizophrenia: A narrative review of the literature.» Frontiers in Psychiatry 13. 2022: 970210.

Психотические расстройства в структуре расстройств шизофренического спектра (РШС), представляют собой одну из наиболее значимых проблем в области психического здоровья в силу их высокой распространенности, хронического течения и выраженного негативного влияния на качество жизни. Согласно данным, представленным в Диагностическом и статистическом руководстве по психическим расстройствам, пятое издание Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders (DSM-5), хронические психотические расстройства характеризуются не только наличием продуктивной симптоматики, такой как бред и галлюцинации, но и сопровождаются глубокой социальной и профессиональной дезадаптацией [1]. Это приводит к значительному снижению функциональной активности пациентов, что, в свою очередь, способствует увеличению уровня инвалидизации и ухудшению прогноза заболевания.

Эпидемиологические исследования указывают на то, что распространенность шизофрении в общей популяции варьируется в пределах от 0,5 до 1,6 %, что делает ее одним из наиболее распространенных тяжелых психических расстройств. При этом шизофрения и родственные ей расстройства ассоциируются с высоким уровнем инвалидности, подчеркивая их значимость как проблемы общественного здравоохранения [2]. Помимо клинической симптоматики, важным аспектом психотических расстройств является феномен самостигматизации, который возникает как следствие внутреннего принятия пациентом социальных стереотипов, связанных с психическими заболеваниями. Самостигматизация способствует усилению социальной изоляции, снижению самооценки и ухудшению качества жизни, создавая дополнительное бремя для пациентов и их семей [3].

В терапии психотических расстройств современные подходы предполагают не только купирование продуктивной симптоматики, но и акцент на улучшение когнитивных функций, социальной адаптации и профессиональной реабилитации. Традиционно основу терапии составляют антипсихотические препараты, однако их влияние на негативную симптоматику (апатия, алогия, социальная отгороженность) и когнитивные нарушения остается ограниченным [4]. Кроме того, побочные эффекты антипсихотической терапии, такие как экстрапирамидные расстройства, метаболические нарушения и седация, часто снижают приверженность пациентов к лечению, что негативно сказывается на долгосрочных результатах и реабилитационном потенциале [5].

Для Цитирования:
Чинарев Виталий Александрович, Малинина Елена Викторовна, Роль приверженности к терапии в лечебно-реабилитационном потенциале у пациентов с манифестными формами шизофрении. Вестник неврологии, психиатрии и нейрохирургии. 2025;5.
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