Antibiotics are drugs used to treat and prevent microbial infections, same as in medical surgery, the usage of antibiotic drugs is used to treat early infections likewise on the perioperative period. Some evolving infections are caused by a major factor which is the inappropriate use of antibiotics in healthcare centers; this one is serving in the development of antimicrobial resistance and giving less choice other than the development of new agents which is a very hard process or resolving the main problem and try to optimize on the use of the actual antibiotic agents.
One of the most common infections on the surgical field is the infected wounds, while administering prophylactic treatment, additional drugs in first case, can result on an increasing on the financial plan of the clinic center, on contrast treating patients with multidrug resistance can be more costly than an infected patient [1].
The treatment used to prevent infections at the surgical site known as Surgical prophylaxis, composed essentially by antibiotics are used nearly 30 to 50 % of the general use of antibiotics still 30 % to 90 % of this usage is given in the wrong time or continued for too long, and contested to be inappropriate [2].
In general terms, the selection of antibiotics using in preoperative period depends in quite a lot of factors likewise the type of the infection, the patient allergies, the type of the medical surgery and more. The commonly used antibiotics are the beta-lactamas, first generation cephalosporins and gentamicin are used on intravenous as well as metronidazole in case of anaerobic infection in this case oral tinidazole can be used too; on condition that methicillin-susceptible staphylococcal infection is possible, the most likely treatment to use are flucoxacillin or vanocomycin on intravenous. [3,4]
In the study by Tourmousoglou et al. [5], occurring on 876 patients treated with prophylactic antibiotic, 15 types and other antibiotic was used, the more common are penicillin and cephalosporin, the antibiotics was resumed in table 1 and classified from the most used to the less.