In modern economic theory and the current practice of market management, there is a whole set of interrelated planning, organizational and managerial mechanisms and final indicators developed over the years and generally recognized in the world, which determines the high level of development and successful functioning of all labour, production, socio-economic and generally any known human-machine systems. Depending on the size of the market and the volume of goods and services production, as well as the place occupied by an enterprise in the relevant domestic or international market, certain specific socio-economic indicators, both group and individual, can be used to assess the effectiveness of the management activities of the personnel in production and commercial companies.
"An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations" by Adam Smith was the first study to reveal in great detail for that time (speaking modern market language) the economic essence of the organizational and managerial mechanism for increasing labour productivity and the natural need for a planned distribution of the product of labour between different groups of employees of the enterprise and the classes of people in a country. With a deep knowledge of the organization of capitalist production, the author argued: "The annual labour of every nation is the fund which originally supplies it with all the necessaries and conveniences of life which it annually consumes, and which consist always either in the immediate produce of that labour, or in what is purchased with that produce from other nations. But this proportion must in every nation be regulated by two different circumstances; first, by the skill, dexterity, and judgment with which its labour is generally applied; and, secondly, by the proportion between the number of those who are employed in useful labour, and that of those who are not so employed. Whatever be the actual state of the skill, dexterity, and judgment with which labour is applied in any nation, the abundance or scantiness of its annual supply must depend, during the continuance of that state, upon the proportion between the number of those who are annually employed in useful labour, and that of those who are not so employed.