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УДК: 663.479.1 DOI:10.33920/igt-01-2102-03

History of kvass as a national drink

B.V. Ignatenko applicant for Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Department of Commodity Science and Commodity Expertise
M.A. Nikolaeva PhD in Engineering, Professor of the Department of International Commerce, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
M.N. Eliseev PhD in Engineering, Professor of the Department of Commodity Science and Commodity Expertise, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics

This article presents the history of fermented-bread kvass as a national Russian drink. It considers the factors of a significant decline in kvass consumption in the second half of the XIX and at the end of the XX century and the dynamics of growth in kvass production and consumption in the 2000s.

Литература:

1. Federal'nyi zakon ot 02.01.2000 № 29FZ «O kachestve i bezopasnosti pishchevykh produktov» [Federal Law No. 29-FZ "On the Food Quality and Safety" (with amendments and additions as of 2021)].

2. Gosudarstvennaia politika Rossiiskoi Federatsii v oblasti zdorovogo pitaniia: Doklad [State Policy of the Russian Federation in the field of Healthy Nutrition: Report]. Moscow: Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 2015, 89 p.

3. Strategiia povysheniia kachestva pishchevoi produktsii v Rossiiskoi Federatsii do 2030 goda [Strategy on the improvement of the quality of food products in the Russian Federation until 2030] / Approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1364-r dated June 29, 2016.

4. Doktrina prodovol'stvennoi bezopasnosti Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation] / Approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 20 dated January 21, 2020.

5. F.V. Bulgarin. Rossiia v istoricheskom, statisticheskom, geograficheskom i literaturnom otnosheniiakh. Istorii. [Russia in historical, statistical, geographic and literary relation. Stories], Part 1, St. Petersburg: Printing house of A. Plyushar, 1837, P. 78.

6. M.M. Valentsova. Slavianskie drevnosti: Etnolingvisticheskii slovar': v 5 t. Institut slavianovedeniia RAN [Slavonic antiquities: The ethnolinguistic dictionary: in 5 volumes], Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow: International Relations, 1999, Vol. 2, pp. 488-489.

7. M.N. Eliseev. Kvasnye traditsii vozvrashchaiutsia [Kvass traditions return] / M.N. Eliseev, A.E. Patalakha // Beer and drinks, 2008, No. 6, P. 40.

8. M.N. Eliseev. Sostav kvasov brozheniia i kvasnogo napitka [The composition of kvass fermentation and kvass drink] / M.N. Eliseev, A.E. Patalakha, S.V. Volkovich // Beer and drinks, 2008, No. 5, pp. 46-47.

9. M.N. Eliseev, D.S. Lychnikov, L.K. Emel'ianova. Kvasy brozheniia — napitki, soderzhashchie biologicheski aktivnye veshchestva [Fermented kvass: beverages containing biologically active substances] // Beer and drinks, 2006, No. 3, P. 32.

10. Kvas [Kvass] // Deler's bulletin, 2009, No. 1 (19), pp. 26-28.

11. M.A. Nikolaeva. Teoreticheskie osnovy tovarovedeniia [Theoretical foundations of commodity research], Moscow: Norma – INFRAM, 2015, 448 p.

Over the past two decades, people worldwide, including Russia, have been placing great emphasis on ensuring the healthy nutrition of the population. Our country developed quite an extensive legal and regulatory framework to address the problem of ensuring healthy nutrition: Federal Law No. 29-FZ "On the Food Quality and Safety"; State Policy of the Russian Federation in the field of Healthy Nutrition; Strategy on the improvement of the quality of food products in the Russian Federation until 2030, Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation [1-4].

Thus, the Doctrine adopted in January 2020 [4] pays much attention to ensuring the food physical and economic safety due to domestic products, as well as import substitution of both finished products and ingredients for their manufacture.

This mainly applies to soft drinks which include a large extend of such drinks as Cola, Fanta, etc. Imported ingredients prevail in their recipes, which challenges solving the issue of import substitution.

In this regard, this problem in the market of soft drinks can be solved by designing, introducing into production, and selling traditional domestic beverages that meet the needs of not only the Russian market but also the markets of many countries of the former Soviet Union and beyond. These drinks include bread kvass.

Kvass is a soft drink with a maximum ethanol volume ratio of 1.2%, made as a result of incomplete alcoholic or alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation of the wort. The word "kvass" is certainly of Russian origin and means "sour drink". The first prototypes, representing a cross between kvass and beer, appeared in Egypt in the VI millennium BC. Hippocrates, Herodotus, and Pliny the Elder described beverages similar to kvass in their works. Fruit kvass was also known in Babylon, although it was not widespread in Mesopotamia [5].

The Slavs have known kvass for more than a thousand years. The Eastern Slavs knew its recipes long before the formation of the Kievan Rus'. The first mention of kvass in Russian written sources dates back to 989 when Vladimir I Svyatoslavovich, the Prince of Kyiv, converted his lieges to Christianity.

Для Цитирования:
B.V. Ignatenko, M.A. Nikolaeva, M.N. Eliseev, History of kvass as a national drink. Товаровед продовольственных товаров. 2021;2.
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