The article was received on November 11, 2020
Logos, along with sophia, was one of the key terms in the culture of Ancient Greece. According to Heraclitus, "logos is the rational connection of the global whole, its objective law, the inner thought and the meaning of the world process" [4, p. 225]. Both the sophists and the philosophers attached great importance to logos. However, the sophists saw logos as the development of external speech: technical and brilliant. The sophists taught the skill of carrying on dialogues: dialectical, formal, logical and other ones. They considered logos abstractly and in a formalized way, primarily as the art of speech. Even when the sophists recognized logos as "philosophical speech," they did not identify it with the philosophers. The philosophers in ancient Greece were athoposes. By Plato, the Cosmos was created (γίγνομαι, gígnomai)1 by the Demiurge (δεδημιούργητα). The Cosmos was revealed to psyche in logos and phronesis (the qualities of sophia used in practice)2. Therefore, Plato did not use the term "logos "in the sense of "external speech", as the sophists did. Plato opposed εἰκὼςμῦθος to εἰκὼςλόγος [20, 29b−d], thus claiming logos as the highest type of counting, which included strict rationality and comprehending of the Cosmos [9]. Plato used logos to establish a new way of life in accordance with the comprehending of kalos of the Cosmos and its images (εκκών) created by Theon. Therefore, for Plato, dialogue as an exercise was more important than the results obtained, and for Aristotle, discussion of problems had more educational value than their solution. [1]. Plato and Aristotle perceived logos in the sense of dialogue as the art of living according to the highest counting. They considered logos as a possibility of transit, or rather of self-transformation, to a higher order, in which the idea of agathos was revealed.