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УДК: 616.8 DOI:10.33920/med-01-2110-06

Structure, absolute values and intensive indicators of the prevalence of mental disorders in the Russian Federation and federal districts in 2018–2020

Demcheva Nadezhda Konstantinovna PhD in Medicine, professor, head of the Laboratory of Analytical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiological and Organizational Problems of Psychiatry, FSBI V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 119991, Моscow, Russian Federation, e-mail: dnk1504@yandex.ru, http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3965-1217
Yazdovskaya Alla Vladimirovna researcher, Laboratory of Analytical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiological and Organizational Problems of Psychiatry, FSBI V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 119991, Моscow, Russian Federation, e-mail: alla28982@yandex.ru, http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3964-9360

The purpose of the research was to determine the structural, dynamic, and regional characteristics of the prevalence of mental disorders in the Russian Federation over the past 3 years. Analysis of the indicators based on statistical reports revealed the prevalence of persons aged 20-39 in the age structure of patients; an increase in the proportion of patients aged 1517 and 60 and older; a high proportion of patients with psychoses; an increase in the overall incidence of chronic nonorganic psychoses, autism; schizotypical disorders, schizoaffective psychoses; an unfavourable epidemiological situation, both in terms of distribution of the main forms of mental disorders and terms of dynamic indicators in individual federal districts of the Russian Federation. The authors conclude that there is a correlation between the prevalence of mental disorders and the transformation of psychiatric care, which led to a reduction in the volume of psychiatric services, as well as the epidemiological situation that developed in 2020, which led, by objective necessity, to a shift in the distribution of urgent medical measures. To solve the problems identified, it is necessary to improve therapeutic and preventive, rehabilitative measures, especially for psychotic illnesses.

Литература:

1. Demcheva N.K. Novye podkhody k otsenke pokazatelei kachestva zhizni i sotsial'nogo funktsionirovaniia psikhicheski bol'nykh i vozmozhnosti ikh primeneniia v epidemiologicheskikh issledovaniiakh [New Approaches to Assessing the Quality of Life and Social Functioning of Mentally Ill Patients and the Possibility of Applying Them to Epidemiological Research] // Russian Journal of Psychiatry. 2006. No. 5. PP. 30-39.

2. Demcheva N.K. Pokazateli kachestva zhizni i sotsial'nogo funktsionirovaniia kak otsenochnye kriterii psikhicheskogo sostoianiia [Indicators of Quality of Life and Social Functioning as Evaluative Criteria of Mental State] Siberian Bulletin of Psychiatry and Narcology. 2006. No. 2(40). PP. 112-113

3. Demcheva N.K., Sidoriuk O.V., Nikolaeva T.A., Yazdovskaya A.V., Kazakovtsev B.A. Obespechennost' psikhiatricheskoi pomoshch'iu naseleniia Rossiiskoi Federatsii i federal'nykh okrugov v 2015-2017 gody [Provision of Psychiatric Care for the Population of the Russian Federation and Federal Districts in 2015-2017] Mental Health. 2018. Volume16. No. 6. PP. 10-19

4. Demcheva N.K., Yazdovskaya A.V. Overall incidence of mental disorders in the Russian Federation and federal districts in 2017-2019. Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Neurosurgery. 2021, No. 1, PP. 45-55.

5. Demcheva N.K., Yazdovskaya A.V., Reshetova D.V. Analiz pokazatelei obshchei zabolevaemosti 4. psikhicheskimi rasstroistvami v 2015 godu [Analysis of the Overall Incidence of 4 Mental Disorders in 2015] Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Neurosurgery. 2017. No. 2. PP. 25–35.

6. Kazakovtsev B.A., Demcheva N.K., Sidoriuk O.V., Nikolaeva T.A. Yazdovskaya A.V. Tvorogova N.A. Reformirovanie psikhiatricheskikh sluzhb i pokazateli zabolevaemosti psikhicheskimi rasstroistvami v Rossiiskoi Federatsii v 2014-2016 [Reform of Psychiatric Services and Rates of Mental Disorders in the Russian Federation in 2014-2016] Mental Health. 2017. Volume 15. No. 10 (137). PP. 15-26

7. Kazakovtsev B.A., Demcheva N.K., Yazdovskaya A.V. Rekomendatsii po strukturirovaniiu psikhiatricheskoi i psikhoterapevticheskoi pomoshchi v ambulatornykh usloviiakh [Recommendations for Structuring Psychiatric and Psychotherapeutic Care in Outpatient Settings] Mental Health. 2015. Volume 13. No. 5(108). PP. 3-11

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11. WHO Prevention of Mental Disorders: Effective Intervention and Policy Options: Summary Report/ A Report of the WHO Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse – Geneva, WHO, 2004. P. 52-60.

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Mental health problems of the people have an important, not only clinical but also social importance, largely reflecting the overall well-being of the population in the country as a whole and the micro-society in particular [1,2,10,11]. Mental disorders, being one of the most common forms of diseases, can exist separately and be manifestations of somatic diseases [1,2,3], so in recent decades in European countries and the Russian Federation, special attention has been paid to mental disorders. This is evidenced by numerous publications in recent decades and documents of WHO [10,11].

The relevance of a thorough study of the epidemiological situation regarding mental health is also determined by the results of socio-economic reforms of psychiatric services in Russia since 2005, which have certainly had and continue to have an impact on mental health in the country [3, 4, 6, 7, 9].

In the new century, socio-economic, demographic factors, and environmental conditions are changing rapidly; society has to face epidemics of new, unexplored diseases. Against this background, the mental state of the population becomes unstable; one has to deal with a sharp increase or sharp decrease in morbidity rates associated with changes in such factors as the availability of psychiatric care, the appeal to psychiatrists, the actualization of infectious diseases, with the revision of priorities in the provision of medical care [5, 6, 8, 9].

The expansion of hospital-replacing technologies requires specialists of the outpatient psychiatric service to be more active not only in the early diagnosis of mental disorders but also in differentiated approaches to the provision of psychiatric care to primary patients.

By the above, regular monitoring of the prevalence of psychopathology in different clinical and age groups becomes especially important. It allows identifying areas in Psychiatry that require particularly close attention, to predict changes in the epidemiological situation, and, following the results, to develop, plan, and implement measures for psychiatric care for the population [1,3,6,7,8].

Для Цитирования:
Demcheva Nadezhda Konstantinovna, Yazdovskaya Alla Vladimirovna, Structure, absolute values and intensive indicators of the prevalence of mental disorders in the Russian Federation and federal districts in 2018–2020. Вестник неврологии, психиатрии и нейрохирургии. 2021;10.
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