Graphene and its derivatives (as Graphene Oxide ‘GO’) have already been utilized as a perfect drug delivery system. The fact is that GO has an excellent biocompatibility, physiological solubility and stability, and capability of loading of drugs. This is due to the unique structural features, such as large and planar sp2 hybridized carbon domain, high specific surface area (2630 m2/g), and enriched oxygen-containing groups. The idea was executed through several mechanisms and techniques [1].
There are many trails had been already proved the valid of using graphene oxide as a drug delivery system. In a study, water-soluble chitosan derivative (CSD) was used as reducing and stabilizing agents to perform the green reduction of graphene oxide (GO) which then were blended with alginate/hydrogel beads. This formula showed a great drug-loading efficiency of 82.8 % for small-molecule fluorescein sodium, sustainable drug release of 71.6 % in 150 h at physiological pH while quick release of 82.4 % at 20 h in an acidic medium [2].
Progressive steps in genomics and gene therapy introduce novel solutions to many incurable, however, the difficulty in designing effective and safe delivery systems/vectors for the appropriate genetic cargo keeps these advances inapplicable [3].
Graphene oxide and other nanoparticles family showed a good adsorption ability towards double-stranded DNA, which make them excellent vectors for genetic cargo. One of graphene family members is graphene nanomesh (GNM), that was used for the purpose of gene delivery. GNM has a great adsorption affinity because of its enlarged surface are, and therefore, more active sites [4].
Up till today, there are numerous studies used graphene-based materials for nucleic acid transport. Applications varied to include expression of different exogenous genes ( (EGFP, luciferase, VEGF and others), gene silencing, theranostic, molecular sensing and transfer of nucleic acid.