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УДК: 616.89 DOI:10.33920/med-01-2112-03

Психические расстройства среди медицинских работников в период пандемии COVID-19: обзор литературы

Кусаинов Алмас Абихасович канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры психиатрии и наркологии, НАО «Медицинский университет Астана», +7 701 999 5457, Е-mail: kussainov.almas@gmail.com, ORCID ID 0000-0003-1003-1735
Ракишева Ак-Уке Салимжановна канд. мед. наук, заведующая кафедрой психиатрии и наркологии, НАО «Медицинский университет Астана», 010000, Республика Казахстан, г. Нур-Султан, м-н Акбулак 2, д. 3, кв. 1, +7 701 999 5457, Е-mail: uke.rakisheva@mail.ru, ORCID ID 0000-0002-3981-9270
Иманбаева Алия Досымбековна ассистент кафедры психиатрии и наркологии, НАО «Медицинский университет Астана», ORCID ID 0000-0002-2917-6769, Е-mail: aliya8050@mail.ru
Батырев Егор Игоревич ассистент кафедры психиатрии и медицинской психологии, ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов», 117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 15, +7 980 020 4043, Е-mail: eb90@mail.ru, ORCID ID 0000-0002-9947-258X
Шалтаков Данияр Сагимбаевич ассистент кафедры психиатрии и наркологии, НАО «Медицинский университет Астана», Е-mail: dshaltakov@mail.ru, ORCID ID 0000-0003-1088-6418
Галиакбарова Зубайда Билалкызы врач-резидент 1 года обучения, НАО «Медицинский университет Астана», Е-mail: nur_18_96@bk.ru, ORCID ID 0000-0002-2000-2113
Тулепова Диана Еркебулановна врач-резидент 1 года обучения, НАО «Медицинский университет Астана», Е-mail: dtulepova96@gmail.com, ORCID ID 0000-0001-9827-6950
Шарипова Махаббат Курмангалиевна врач-резидент, НАО «Медицинский университет Астана», Е-mail: mahabbat.s.k@mail.ru, ORCID ID 0000-0001-5388-0927
Байкенов Ерболат Байтенович клинический психолог, Е-mail: erbolat.baikenov@gmail.com, ORCID ID 0000-0002-5342-6465

Настоящая статья представляет собой краткий обзор литературы по проблеме психических расстройств среди медицинских работников в период пандемии COVID-19. Рассматривается характер связей психических расстройств с коронавирусной инфекцией, оценивается пандемия с точки зрения стрессовых событий, обсуждается распространенность стрессовых расстройств, симптомов тревожных и депрессивных расстройств среди медицинского персонала, а также факторы риска и факторы защиты указанных расстройств.

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Предыдущие исследования показывают, что периоды различных эпидемий сопровождались ростом психических расстройств. При этом одной из групп высокого риска развития данных расстройств являются медицинские работники [1–4] particularly increased levels of posttraumatic stress symptomatology (PTSS.

Профессиональная деятельность медицинского персонала в такие периоды приближена к экстремальным условиям и носит стрессогенный характер [5, 6]. Распространение коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19, которая приобрела глобальный характер и была объявлена ВОЗ пандемией [7], считается одним из наиболее критических периодов для системы здравоохранения [8, 9], во время которой медицинский персонал испытывает существенные психоэмоциональные нагрузки, что, в свою очередь, может приводить к развитию различных эмоциональных нарушений [10].

Как показывают данные литературы, рост психических расстройств среди медицинских работников, который наблюдается за время пандемии COVID-19, является весьма актуальной проблемой и требует принятия соответствующих организационных мер.

Новая коронавирусная инфекция COVID-19, вызванная вирусом SARS-CoV-2, характеризуется различным течением, от легкой степени до развития критического состояния с поражением дыхательной системы, развитием острого респираторного дистресс-синдрома, а также осложнениями со стороны других органов и систем [11]. Соответственно, вопросы профилактики, диагностики и лечения данных состояний являются основным приоритетом системы здравоохранения.

Однако обращает на себя внимание и рост психических расстройств в период пандемии COVID-19 [12, 13]. ВОЗ, подчеркивая важность данного вопроса, публикует рекомендации по поддержанию психического здоровья и психосоциального состояния во время вспышки COVID-19 [14].

Рассматривая ассоциации коронавирусной инфекции с психическими расстройствами, можно выделить несколько аспектов такой связи — например, развитие таких расстройств у перенесших COVID-19 может быть результатом прямого воздействия инфекции в связи с нейротропными эффектами вируса SARSCoV-2, однако более точные патогенетические механизмы, посредством которых могут развиваться данные расстройства, требуют дальнейшего изучения [15–17] to detect fibrin in vessels phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin (PTAH.

Для Цитирования:
Кусаинов Алмас Абихасович, Ракишева Ак-Уке Салимжановна, Иманбаева Алия Досымбековна, Батырев Егор Игоревич, Шалтаков Данияр Сагимбаевич, Галиакбарова Зубайда Билалкызы, Тулепова Диана Еркебулановна, Шарипова Махаббат Курмангалиевна, Байкенов Ерболат Байтенович, Психические расстройства среди медицинских работников в период пандемии COVID-19: обзор литературы. Вестник неврологии, психиатрии и нейрохирургии. 2021;12.
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