In recent decades, the de-ironing of water has become a significant issue in the field of water treatment and purification. With the growth of industrial activity and the expansion of urban territories, the quality of water resources has significantly deteriorated, leading to an increase in the content of elements such as iron in natural waters. This problem has gained particular relevance, considering the impact of iron on human health and industrial processes [1].
Iron in water, especially in its divalent form (Fe+2), is one of the most common contaminants of the hydrosphere. It not only spoils the taste and color of water but also promotes the development of iron bacteria, causing various problems in water supply and irrigation systems [2]. Traditional iron removal methods, such as aeration, filtration, and coagulation, often prove ineffective at high iron concentrations, especially in conditions of complex water chemical composition [3]. Therefore, among the various approaches to water purification, special attention is drawn to the use of ozone (O3) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
The aim of this work is to analyze existing scientific research on the application of O3 and H2O2 in the processes of water de-ironing. Particular attention is paid to the study of the chemistry of iron oxidation processes and the comparison of the effectiveness of using O3 and H2O2, both separately and in combination.
Water purification ozonation, due to O3 ability to rapidly decompose without residual effects, represents an environmentally safe choice. Additionally, O3 can combat microbiological and other organic water contaminants, thereby providing comprehensive water purification [2]. On the other hand, hydrogen peroxide is attractive due to its accessibility and relative cost-effectiveness, as well as the possibility of application across a wide pH range of water [5].