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УДК: 639.371.1 DOI:10.33920/sel-09-2107-02

Morphological diversity and differentiation of Asian populations of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum) of even generations

Sergei Pavlovich Pustovoit candidate of biological scienses, associate professor of the department of exact and natural sciences, North-Eastern State University, Russia, 685000, Magadan, Portovay street, 13, E-mail: magadania@rambler.ru, ORCID: 0000-0003-3352-4372

It is known that humpbacked salmon populations breeding in the rivers of the northern coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, as well as on the Kamchatka Peninsula, have remained unaffected by mass morphological studies using numerous external morphology parameters. The goal of the study was to quantitatively assess the morphological diversity and magnitude of differentiation of humpbacked salmon populations spawning in some rivers of the northern coast of the Sea of Okhotsk and the eastern and western coasts of the Kamchatka Peninsula. The morphological diversity of humpbacked salmon populations of the Ola, Bolshaya, and Zhupanova rivers of adjacent even generations was studied. To quantitatively describe the appearance of humpbacked salmon, we used a scheme of 17 surveys proposed by M.K. Glubokovsky [3]. On average, lower values of morphological diversity are typical for head measures and fin heights, while measures of body length and height have high morphological diversity. The hierarchical method of morphological diversity decomposition provides an insight into the proportions of intra- and interpopulation variability included in the total value of morphological diversity of each survey. For females, the mean proportions of morphological diversity for all surveys are as follows: sample - 48%, intra-annual - 19%, and inter-population - 33%; for males, sample - 47%, intraannual - 17%, and inter-population - 36% of the proportion. Thus, almost half of the total value of morphological diversity is determined by differences in morphological surveys between individuals within the sample, interpopulation differences account for one-third of the total value, and the interannual proportion in the indicator of morphological differences is quite small. The sufficiently high interpopulation proportion of morphological diversity indicates the possibility of using morphological surveys to distinguish populations from different parts of the range.

Литература:

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3. Glubokovsky, M.K. Evolutionary Biology of Salmonid Fishes [Evolutionary biology of salmonids]. Nauka, Moscow, 1995. 343 p. (in Russian).

4. Gordeeva, N.A., Salmenkova, E.A. Morphoecological plasticity of the pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, introduced into White Sea basin. Journal of Ichthyology, 2005, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 86–97 (in Russian).

5. Gorochov, M.N., Golovanov, I.S., Korshukova, A.N., Volobuev, V.V. Biological characteristics, stock status and fishery of pink sapmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum) in the Magadan Region in the beginning of the XXI century. The researches of the aquatic biological resources of Kamchatka and the North-West Part of the Pacific Ocean, 2019, no. 1 (53), pp. 57–66 (in Russian).

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20. Gordeeva, N.A. Salmenkova, E.A. Morphoecological plasticity of the pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, introduced into White Sea basin. Journal of Ichthyology, 2005, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 86–97.

At present, domestic ichthyologists use two body survey schemes for Pacific salmon species, including humpbacked salmon. The first one was developed and first used for morphometric description of the Bolshaya River (Western Kamchatka) humpbacked salmon by I.F. Pravdin based on the scheme proposed by Smith [10]. The system of surveys was finalized by the author and finally includes 32 plastic and six meristic features, determination of sex, age, stage of maturity, and body weight [11]. Several parameters characterizing the length of the humpbacked salmon body, as well as finding the body weight and determining the age, were selected from the number of surveys specified in the scheme for mass studies in the framework of the full biological analysis (FBA). One of the first population studies using such surveys of humpbacked salmon was conducted by S.P. Volovik for the Sakhalin populations [1] and by M.N. Gorokhov for the North Pacific populations [5; 6]. The morphological structure of Chukchi humpbacked salmon populations using I.F. Pravdin's survey scheme was described by I.A. Chereshnev [11]. Unfortunately, there are no new works characterizing the morphological features of Asian humpbacked salmon populations.

The survey scheme described by I.F. Pravdin was generally accepted until the early 1980s, when M.K. Glubokovsky proposed a modified scheme to determine 18 dimensions [2; 3]. The main idea is to develop a system of surveys for more rapid determination of external morphology parameters during population studies of humpbacked salmon of Primorye and Sakhalin. This study provided the factual basis for proposing the hypothesis of fluctuating humpbacked salmon herds as opposed to the pre-existing concept of local herds. A.I. Karpenko not only described the morphological structure of humpbacked salmon breeding in the rivers of southern Sakhalin but also compared the two mentioned survey schemes [8; 9].

The results of a recent morphometric study (using M.K. Glubokovsky's survey scheme) of humpbacked salmon acclimated in the White Sea and that from the Ola River donor population (Taua Bay, Okhotsk Sea) are extremely interesting [19; 20]. The length and body weight of White Sea humpbacked salmon, grown from eggs collected at the spawning grounds of the Ola River and bred at a fish hatchery on the river flowing into the White Sea, were greater than those of Ola humpbacked salmon. In addition, a number of differences were found in body surveys between the samples studied. Apparently, the noted changes are explained by the adaptation of individuals to the new habitat conditions.

Для Цитирования:
Sergei Pavlovich Pustovoit, Morphological diversity and differentiation of Asian populations of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum) of even generations. Рыбоводство и рыбное хозяйство. 2021;7.
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