The Japanese-American Military-Political Alliance is one of the oldest organizations of its kind. Its creation goes back to the end of World War II. On September 2, 1945, Japan signed the Japanese Instrument of Surrender aboard the USS "Missouri". The policy of the victorious countries towards Japan was reflected in the Potsdam Declaration and was primarily aimed at the democratization and demilitarization of Japan. To enforce the terms of this Declaration, the victorious powers decided to conduct the occupation of Japan. However, the actual occupation was carried out only by the United States (Great Britain formally had control over a small territory in Hiroshima Prefecture). In this regard, the U.S Military Government actually unilaterally interpreted and implemented the course of the Allied Powers in relation to Japan [3, p. 11].
The occupation of Japan is usually divided into two periods. The first refers to the time from September 1945 to the spring of 1947. During this period, US policy was aimed at preventing the restoration of Japanese militarism and the re-strengthening of Japan. It was at this time that reforms aimed at democratization and demilitarization were put in place: ultra-nationalist and secret rightwing organizations, as well as the Japanese armed forces, were disbanded, military production was prohibited, and purges of state officials were carried out.
In the second period, which lasted until the Treaty of San Francisco was signed in September 1951, American policy toward Japan changed dramatically. The course of demilitarization was changed to remilitarization. In addition, if in the first period the United States did everything to prevent Japan from be-coming its competitor in economic terms, in the second period it developed the Japanese economy. This period was called the "Reverse Course"
There usually are three distinguished reasons for such a sharp change of course: the defeat of the Kuomintang led by Chiang Kai-shek in China, the proclamation by President Truman of the global doctrine of "containing communism" (the Truman Doctrine) and the beginning of the Korean War (the war began in 1950, but preparations were already underway since 1948) [7, pp.171– 172].