In the conditions of a market economy relations associated with the property are of a strategic nature. Their nature is most clearly described by the material content, most of which is immovable property.
It is the realization of property rights that forms the basis for making rational decisions in the economy. At the same time, the immovable property serves as the main asset and the source of income, as well as an approach to meeting the social needs of the population.
In accordance with Article 130 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter the CCRF) [1], the immovable property includes land, subsoil and everything that is firmly connected with the land, i.e., objects whose movement without disproportionate damage to their purpose is impossible, including buildings, structures, objects of unfinished construction. So, being one of its types, it is the land that forms the material basis for creating any object of immovable property.
Therefore, the issue of ownership of land plots in the Russian Federation is always relevant, including for foreign citizens and legal entities. The rights of foreign citizens, persons without citizenship and foreign legal entities to acquire ownership of land plots in the Russian Federation are regulated by the Land Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter the LCRF) [2] and other federal laws.
According to Article 62 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation [3], foreign citizens and persons without citizenship enjoy the rights and duties equally with citizens of the Russian Federation, except for cases established by federal laws. Thus, some areas restrict the national regime for these individuals.
In particular, Article 15 of the LCRF stipulates that foreign citizens, persons without citizenship and foreign legal entities cannot own land plots located on border territories, the list of which is established by the President of the Russian Federation in accordance with the federal legislation on the state border of the Russian Federation. This list was established by a presidential decree in 2011 [4]. This restriction is quite justified, since the mass alienation of land and its concentration in the ownership of foreign persons may pose a threat to the security of Russia.