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УДК: 332 DOI:10.33920/sel-04-2012-01

Agriculture and settlement in the Non-Chernozem Zone

Polunin G.A. PhD in Economics, Head of the Department of Land Economics, Federal Research Centre of the All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, E-mail: polunin.zem@vniiesh.ru
Alakoz V.V. Senior Researcher, Federal Research Centre of the All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, E-mail: alakoz.zem@vniiesh.ru

This article presents the impact of population changes, including rural ones, on the reduction of acreage in the subjects of the Russian Federation, which are part of the Non-Chernozem Economic Zone of the country. The study of the population size covered the period from 1990 to 2018. The regions were rated according to the indicated relative change. The increase or decrease of rural settlements, settlements without population and the total losses of viable rural settlements during 2002–2010 were studied. The rating of the Russian Federation subjects that are part of the Non-Chernozem Economic Zone of the country, is based on the quantitative and relative reduction of these points of residence.

Литература:

1. Strategiia prostranstvennogo razvitiia Rossiiskoi Federatsii na period do 2025 goda, utverzhdena rasporiazheniem Pravitel'stva Rossiiskoi Federatsii ot 13.02.2019 № 207-r. [Strategy of Spatial Development of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2025, Approved by Order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 207-r Dated February 13, 2019].

2. Strategiia razvitiia agropromyshlennogo i rybokhoziaistvennogo kompleksov Rossiiskoi Federatsii na period do 2030 goda, utverzhdena rasporiazheniem Pravitel'stva Rossiiskoi Federatsii ot 12.04.2020 № 995-r. [Strategy for the Development of the Agroindustrial and Fishery Complexes of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2030, Approved by Order No. 995-r of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 12, 2020].

3. Zemel'nyi kodeks Rossiiskoi Federatsii, Federal'nyi zakon Rossiiskoi Federatsii ot 25.10.2001 № 136-FZ, stat'i 1, 10, 11, 68, 69. [Land Code of the Russian Federation, Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 136-FZ dated October 25, 2001, Articles 1, 10, 11, 68, 69].

4. Federal'nyi zakon Rossiiskoi Federatsii ot 18.06.2001 № 78-FZ "O zemleustroistve, stat'ia 14. [Federal Law of the Russian Federation № 78-FZ Dated June 18, 2001 "On Land Management", Article 14].

5. Gradostroitel'nyi kodeks Rossiiskoi Federatsii, Federal'nyi zakon Rossiiskoi Federatsii ot 29.12.2004 № 190-FZ, stat'i 18, 23. [Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation, Federal Law of the Russian Federation № 190-FZ dated December 29, 2004, Article 18, 23].

6. Gosudarstvennaia programma Rossiiskoi Federatsii «Kompleksnoe razvitie sel'skikh territorii» (2020–2024 gg.), utverzhdena postanovleniem Pravitel'stva RF ot 31.05.2019 № 696. [State Program of the Russian Federation "Complex Development of Rural Territories" (2020-2024 years), Approved by RF Government Decree No. 696 Dated from May 31, 2019].

7. Doklad Minsel'khoza Rossii «O sostoianii i ispol'zovanii zemel' sel'skokhoziaistvennogo naznacheniia v 2018 godu» [Report of the Russian Agriculture Ministry "Condition and Use of Agricultural Land in 2018"]. — Moscow: Russian Research Institute of Information and Technical and Economic Studies on Engineering and Technical Provision of Agroindustrial Complex (Rosinformagrotech), 2020, 340 pages.

8. Sbornik «Agropromyshlennyi kompleks Rossii v 2018 godu» [Collected Volume "Agroindustrial Complex of Russia in 2018"]. — Moscow: Russian Research Institute of Information and Technical and Economic Studies on Engineering and Technical Provision of Agroindustrial Complex (Rosinformagrotech), 2019, 556 pages.

9. Regiony Rossii. Sotsial'no-ekonomicheskie pokazateli. 2019 [Regions of Russia. Socio-economic Indicators. 2019]. Statistical Digest. Rosstat. — Moscow, 2019, 1204 pages.

The main trends in the spatial development of the Russian Federation, as well as most countries of the world, include the concentration of economic growth in a limited number of centres. The factors of socio-economic development of the largest agglomerations are a capacious domestic market, a high level of human capital development, innovative potential, entrepreneurial activity, a high-quality urban environment and developed social infrastructure. There is a concentration of agricultural production in areas with the most favourable agro-climatic and soil resources and a favourable position of relatively capacious consumer markets, mainly in the central and southern parts of European Russia and regions with access to the Baltic and Black Seas, as a result of the increased role of transport and geographical location concerning international markets. The economic specialization of some territories has become inefficient as a result of changes in market conditions for the production location.

The period of natural birth of the rural population, where it was artificially concentrated and forcibly retained for a long time, has long passed and for socioeconomic reasons has been replaced by a movement to the cities. The viability of rural areas is lost with the depopulation, disintegration and disappearance of villages and hamlets. The population's capacity for food self-sufficiency has significantly decreased, which is an important factor in achieving national and food security in emergency conditions of natural, economic and geopolitical nature, pandemics, economic and geopolitical crises.

The wealth of Russia is its territory and keeping the territory in a viable state is the main strategic task of the government but it is impossible to preserve the territory without living on it. A large number of abandoned houses and deserted territories make the space uncomfortable for living, rural population "make choice with their feet" leaving the historical places of their residence. The depopulation process is chaotic, informal, and is in the "grey" zone. In the centre, in the regions and locally, they, publicly recognizing the problems, are not ready to solve them either today or in the future, taking into account the current reality and future forecasts, ignoring the catastrophic nature of the existing trends. All strategies and plans, even if they are written, proceed from the usual idea of "expansion and growth": for four to five years it will be small (three per cent) with a steep rise after this period. This is the idea that growth will certainly be, moreover, it will be in the foreseeable future. Unwillingness to work on solving the problem of depopulation of rural areas while maintaining some control over the reducing population density of rural areas with the search for specific and visible alternative formats for preserving their viability, designed, for example, to live in small groups around modern agro-cities, leads to an increase in the number of abandoned villages and hamlets and complete "desertification" of rural areas.

Для Цитирования:
Polunin G.A., Alakoz V.V., Agriculture and settlement in the Non-Chernozem Zone. Землеустройство, кадастр и мониторинг земель. 2020;12.
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