The purpose of our research was to carry out a retrospective analysis of the incidence of listeriosis in farm animals and poultry over 5 years in our country, taking into account the identification of contamination areas and the number of infected animals and poultry. The work process consisted of the following stages: collection and processing of information on the incidence of listeriosis in farm animals and poultry in the Russian Federation for 2018–2022 based on statistical analysis of data from the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation in the period under study; distribution of information, taking into account the identification of contamination areas and the number of sick animals and poultry to compare data and obtain an overall picture; development of a linear-radian scheme-a model of the highest incidence of listeriosis in cattle, small cattle and pigs in 2021. It was found that from 2018 to 2022 listeriosis was registered in cattle in 25 contamination points; in small cattle in 7 disadvantaged points; in pigs – in 1 point. During the entire study period, this disease was not detected in horses and poultry on the territory of livestock and poultry farms in the Russian Federation. The data obtained have a pronounced practical significance and confirm the role and place occupied by certain infectious diseases of farm animals and poultry, including those common to people and animals.

The purpose of this work was to analyze data on the milk productivity of cows at different stages of the development of the leukemia process in comparison with conditionally healthy animals in one of the farms. The experiment was carried out under the conditions of a specific agricultural enterprise characterized by a high level of infection of Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) infection among cattle. The cows were divided into groups based on the results of laboratory tests including hematological examination and serological monitoring, which revealed the presence of antibodies against BLV. In addition, the individual characteristics of each animal such as age, breed, and conditions of detention, were taken into account in order to minimize the influence of extraneous factors on the final results of the analysis. Cows with antibodies against BLV were divided into groups such as conditionally healthy cows with negative indicators of serological and hematological tests for leukemia – 85 heads with a productivity of 12 821 kg per lactation; seropositive cows with negative hematological results for leukemia (immunobiological stage of leukemia development) – 182 heads with a productivity of 11 545 kg of milk per lactation; seropositive cows with hematological indicators characteristic of sick and suspected animals with a leukocyte count in 1 ml of blood not exceeding 14 thousand – 67 heads with a productivity of 13285 kg of milk per lactation. There were 48 heads seropositive cows with hematological parameters characteristic of animals with leukemia with leukocytosis over 14 thousand leukocytes in 1 ml of blood with a productivity of 10948 kg per lactation. During the research, the following key productivity indicator was evaluated as the average daily milk yield of each cow. It has been established that in highly productive cows infected with BLV the body is susceptible to a more rapid development of the leukemia process.

The purpose of the research was to study the comparative immunological effectiveness of vaccines in the prevention of rotavirus infection in calves. The research was carried out under the conditions of the Bashkir Scientific and Production Veterinary Laboratory, as well as on the basis of the Department of Infectious Diseases, Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Medicine of Bashkir State Agrarian University and in some livestock farms. Two vaccines were evaluated, which are mainly used in the regions of the Republic of Bashkortostan such as Kombovak (Vetbiokhim, Moscow) and Rotavek® Corona (Burgwidel Biotech GmbH, Germany). It was found that when the Rotavec Corona vaccine was administered to dry cows 25–30 days before calving at a dose of 2 ml intramuscularly in the neck, the average antibody titer produced in cows was 71 %. The Combovac vaccine was used twice: the first time 50–60 days before calving, the second time 14–21 days after calving. The average antibody titer was 24 %. It was noted at the same time that when using the drug Combovac antibodies in cows are produced in a wide range from 7 to 83 %, which indicates the instability of the vaccine. In comparative terms, the Rotavec Corona vaccine proved to be more effective than the Combovac vaccine in the prevention of rotavirus infection in cattle.

The purpose of our research was to study the long-term adaptation of the enzymatic activity of the duodenal chyme of sheep when replacing the protein component of the ration with soy products. The research was carried out at the Department of Physiology, Ethology and Biochemistry of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy in January-March 2025. For the experiment four heads of sheep of Kuibyshev breed, meat-wool production type, age 1 year, live weight 68 ± 4.1 kg were selected. The experiment was performed using a duodenal fistula to analyze duodenal chyme. The activity of trypsin, lipase, and amylase was studied in samples taken on an empty stomach, 1 and 5 hours after feeding. Studies have shown that the long-term adaptation of sheep intestines to a ration that includes soy is formed starting from the fourth day after switching to a new feed. The greatest change in protein-splitting ability was noted when soy meal was included in feed, when by the second day there was a sharp increase in trypsin activity (by almost 56 %). This phenomenon is caused by the compensatory increased formation of enzymes in response to the metabolites of the rumen. The level of trypsin activity in the conditioned reflex stage indicates that heat-treated products (oilcakes and presscakes) are more attractive to the taste of the animal compared to raw soybeans and forage. The lipase peak was recorded when whole soybeans were consumed, amounting to about 3587.6±340.26 units per liter of liquid, which corresponds to the high fat content in this type of feed. As for the activity of amylase, it remained almost unchanged and ranged from 14 246.4±254.39 to 16 256.1±552.23 units per liter, except in cases of soybean feed consumption, where this indicator dropped to 9033.4±338.92 units per liter. In addition to the traditional types of soybeans, the dynamics of fermentation in the application of soybean feed was studied for the first time. The obtained data emphasize the dependence of the adaptive processes of the body on the sensory characteristics and composition of the consumed feed, expanding the understanding of the mechanisms of long-term adaptation of the intestinal tract of ruminants to new feed elements and the possibility of mitigating the load on the digestive organs by optimizing enzyme synthesis during the transition period.

The purpose of our research was to find and evaluate an effective comprehensive treatment for acute endometritis in cows. The object of the study was cows of Black-and-White breed of medium fatness at the age of 4–8 years, dense and strong build, weighing 300–400 kg and milk yields of up to 4000 liters. All cows were housed under the same conditions and received the same ration. Animals with acute endometritis were divided into two experimental groups of five heads in each. Cows of the 1st experimental group were treated with drugs such as nitox, oxytocin, iodopene, vitam, and the 2nd experimental group such as viapen, oxytocin, vitam. It was found as a result of the research that the peak of endometritis was recorded from December to February, while the disease was detected in an average of 3.4 % of cows over the past two years (2022–2023): in 2022 – 14 heads (4.2 %), and in 2023 – 8 cows (2.6 %). The largest number of cases of the disease was recorded in cows with the third and fourth calving. The therapeutic efficacy of both methods of treatment of acute postpartum endometritis was 100 %. The complex use of the antibacterial drugs nitok 200, oxytocin, iodopene and vitam (group 1) had a high therapeutic efficacy, by the third day the release of exudate from the external genital organs stopped, the temperature returned to normal (t = 38.5 °C), appetite appeared and the general condition of the animals improved. Complex treatment with viapen, oxytocin and vitam (group 2) had good therapeutic efficacy, by the fifth day discharge from the external genital organs stopped, appetite appeared and the general condition of the animals improved.

The purpose of our research was to analyze the dynamics of camel breeding in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the prospects for the development of meat and wool camel breeding. The work was devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of camel breeding in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the prospects for the development of meat and wool camel breeding. The objects of research were Arvan dromedary camels, Kazakh bactrians, Kazakh-Kalmyk bactrians and Kazakh dromedaries bred in the Turkestan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The coefficient of wool clip was the following Turkmen dromedaries of Arvan breed had 0.65; Kazakh bactrians had 1.06; Kazakh-Kalmyk bactrians had 0.95; Kazakh dromedaries had 0.73. Kazakh bactrians (5.9 kg) were significantly superior in wool clip to Turkmen Arvan dromedaries (3.6 kg) (p < 0.001), Kazakh dromedaries (4.2 kg) (p < 0.01) and slightly superior to KazakhKalmyk bactrians. Kazakh bactrians had the finenest their wool (17.4 microns), in comparison with Turkmen Arvana dromedaries (19.2 microns), Kazakh-Kalmyk bactrians (20.1 microns) and Kazakh dromedaries (18.9 microns). In 1990–2023, the total number of camels increased in 1.8 times from 143 thousand heads up to 259,146 thousand heads

The purpose of our research was to study the growth and development of young rams and young ewes of diff erent ecogenesis, in fi nding ways to increase the production of high-quality mutton. The research was carried out under the conditions of the Druzhba LLC farm in the Lyskovsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The object of the research were young rams and young ewes of Gorky breed and crossbreds. The dynamics of changes in the live weight of young animals was studied by growth periods (at birth, at the age of 4, 6, 7 and 8.5 months). The theoretical and practical parts of the study of this issue were shown, indicators of changes in the live weight of young rams and young ewes of Gorky breed and crossbreds, as well as the dynamics of body indices were presented. There was a clear trend in the distribution of live weight into groups, which may be useful for further breeding or animal feeding. The experimental groups had diff erent body composition, which can be determined by genetic factors, housing conditions, and nutrition at diff erent stages of life. The eff ectiveness of breeding purebred and crossbred young animals has been substantiated and theoretically proven.

The Ministry of Agriculture predicts that by the end of 2025 the number of sheep and goats will reach 17.654 million heads. In 2024, this figure was 19.138 million heads. Thus, the number is expected to decrease by 8 %. The most noticeable reduction occurred in private subsidiary farms – 16.3 %. A decrease of 14.5 % was recorded in agricultural enterprises and 5 % in farms. According to the prediction of the National Union of Sheep Breeders of Russia the number of sheep will decrease to 17.8 million heads by January 1, 2026.