A research of the population health of sports and amateur horses was carried out in the Borsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region using the equestrian club “Argamak” as an example. It was found that the development and implementation of measures to prevent infectious diseases in this club has been based on the principles of evidencebased epizootology and has been carried out in close cooperation with the state veterinary services of the urban district of the city of Bor in the Nizhny Novgorod region.

A review material and analytical data of our own research on the activities of a number of peasant farms in the Penza region specializing in breeding and fattening beef cattle have been presented in the article. The features of fattening steers have been shown taking into account various technological solutions, conditions of housing, organization of feeding, availability of a feed base, economic aspects and other factors.

Plant products play an important role in human nutrition. Their composition is diverse and is of great importance for health, since they serve as sources of vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates and proteins. The degree of absorption and usefulness of plant products depends mainly on their freshness and safety of consumption. The main risk factors are plant diseases and defects of agricultural products. The use of low-quality products increases the risk of diseases among the population. In order to prevent the sale of unsafe goods, the procedure of veterinary and sanitary inspection is mandatory. The results of the quality evaluation of vegetables such as table potatoes, beets, late carrots and table radishes offered to customers in the retail network of the ZAO TK Tsentralny market, located in the city of Cheboksary have been presented in the work. The analysis included an evaluation of the appearance of fruits, size, pulp density, color and smell. Laboratory tests made it possible to determine the content of nitrates and the activity of radioactive cesium-137 in the samples. According to the results of the veterinary and sanitary examination, the vegetables meet the established State standards, sanitary and hygienic regulations and are permitted for sale without special conditions.

Issues related to forensic and veterinary examination in cases of animal and poultry poisoning remain important including in the Primorsky Territory. A variety of toxic drugs that can cause mass intoxication among animals and poultry if used carelessly are used in the Territory. Modern highly toxic agents, mainly of foreign origin, have not been sufficiently studied in terms of their impact on animals and poultry, and veterinary laboratories are often not equipped with the necessary analysis methods and technical means for their identification, which complicates the conduct of qualified forensic veterinary studies. As a result, difficulties arise in identifying persons guilty of violating the rules for their use, as well as in bringing them to justice.

In veterinary practice, both antiseptic and disinfectant agents are widely used at present, which are intended to destroy pathogenic microorganisms, pathogens. Antiseptic agents are used to prepare the surfaces of operating tables, instruments, surgeon’s hands and body parts of animals themselves. Disinfectant agents are used to treat livestock and poultry premises and equipment located in them, to treat incubation and commercial eggs, instruments, etc. A sharp boundary between these groups is not always possible, since many substances in low concentrations are used as antiseptics, and in higher concentrations are used for disinfection. A classification of disinfectant and antiseptic agents based on the principle of groups by chemical composition and a brief description of these groups has been provided in the article.

The results of research of the structural and functional features of newborn calves, caused by the conditions of their intrauterine development have been presented in the article. Healthy calves have specific physiological characteristics. The weight of a newborn calf is mainly determined by the weight of its parents and is transmitted genetically from the sire, and also depends on the dam’s diet during pregnancy. After birth, the calf’s body undergoes significant changes in almost all organs and systems necessary for adaptation to new nutritional methods and external living conditions. The degree of maturity of the animal determines the functional capabilities of various organs and systems, and the processes of feeding behavior and maintaining thermal balance play a key role in the development of the organism. The effectiveness of the calf’s adaptive mechanisms serves as an indicator of the level of its physiological maturity. Particular attention is paid to the nervous and endocrine systems, since they provide reflex and hormonal regulation of growth processes, tissue formation and the ability of organs to function effectively under conditions of environmental changes. It has been established that metabolic disorders and decreased resistance of the pregnant cow’s body have a negative effect on the prenatal development of the fetus, reducing the survival rate of newborns and slowing down the subsequent development of the off spring. The analysis showed differences between the morphological structure, biochemical parameters and blood composition of calves born to healthy dams (normotrophic calves) and calves born to females with health problems (hypotrophic calves).

Beef plays a key role in the food security of the country. The esearch of the effect of various doses of the feed additive Corrum used in fattening of steers helps to realize their genetic potential, increase meat productivity and improve meat quality, which makes this topic relevant. For the experiment, one-year-old steers of Holstein breed were selected using the analog selection method divided into four groups such as one control and three experimental 15 heads in each. The duration of the research was 120 days. Fattening was carried out using a technology that included the use of hay and silage. Unlike the control, the animals of the first experimental group were given 60 grams of the additive per 100 kilograms of live weight daily in their ration instead of the corresponding amount of energy from the compound feed. The animals of the second group were offered to replace part of the feed in terms of energy value with 90 grams of the additive per 100 kg of body weight, and the third group was given 120 grams per similar 100 kg of live weight. The use of the Corrum additive resulted in a significant increase in the slaughter weight of steers by 2.6–7.9 %. The percentage of carcass yield was in the control 55 %, in the first group it was 55.3 %, in the second group it was 56.5 % and in the third group it was 55.9 %. The use of the drug improved the meat structure, increasing the content of muscle tissue in the first, second and third groups this indicator increased by 3.9 % (p ≤ 0.05), 9.5 % (p ≤ 0.001) and 2.8 %, respectively, compared to the control one. The meat index also increased 4.05 in the control steers versus 4.17, 4.35 and 4.14 in the animals of the first three groups. The chemical composition and taste characteristics of the dorsal muscle of the steers in the experimental groups were better than those in the control group.

Normal functioning of the organism is possible only with sufficient supply of the necessary macronutrients and micronutrients. The biogeochemical region is capable of providing the needs of most species for basic micronutrients, but may be insufficient to meet the high needs of productive breeds. For full growth and development of young sheep, a regular influx of a certain volume of nutrients is necessary. Experimental scientific studies using the experimental mineral premix (EMP-2) enriched with different forms of iodine and selenium have shown a significant effect on the blood biochemistry of young animals. A statistically significant increase in the concentration of essential minerals such as magnesium, calcium and phosphorus was recorded in animals of the first and second experimental groups relative to the control group Mg by 8.9 and 13.02 %; Ca by 8.0 and 10.3 %; P by 8.17 and 10.88 %. A reliable increase in the content of trace elements manganese, cobalt, iodine and selenium was also noted Mn by 10.11 and 40.0 %; Co by 8.62 and 10.34 %; I by 71.87 and 111.72 %; Se by 55.55 and 104.17 %, excluding iron, zinc and copper, the content of which remained virtually unchanged under the influence of the studied additives. The most expressed positive effect was observed in the second group, which was given the EMP-2 premix with a stable iodine compound calcium iodate and an organic form of selenium DAFS-25. The sheep’s body absorbed iodine and selenium from these forms more effectively than from inorganic analogues of potassium iodide and sodium nitrate. The studies also confirmed a significant increase in daily weight gains of animals in both experimental groups 13.32 % and 21.80 % more than in the control group. Particularly high gains were noted in lambs of the second group, which received the EMP-2 premix with calcium iodate and the organic selenium compound DAFS-25.