This article discusses the results of treatment of BPH with systemic magnetotherapy. The study included 206 patients diagnosed with BPH on the basis of the urological department of the Medical Company "Moya Nauka". For a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the tactics, the following indicators were selected: the volume of the prostate gland according to TRUS, uroflowmetry, the post-void residual, and the levels of IPSS and PSA. It has been determined that the volume of the prostate gland tends to decrease after the use of systemic magnetotherapy. The post-void residual, IPSS scores, and PSA levels reduce as well. The rate of uroflowmetry increases approaching the normal value.

The review article examines some etiological features of spontaneous abortions. There are many mechanisms of this pathology, and the article presents some of them: a shift in the balance of decidual natural killer cells (dNK), natural killer T (NKT) cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells at the fetal-maternal border. There are several pathologies associated with Tregs: expression of soluble Tim-3, imbalance between Th1/Th2 cells and Th17/Tregs at different stages of pregnancy. Spontaneous abortions are associated with defects in fetal sHLA class I, which affect placental vessels and maternal immune cells through dNK and INF-γ, as well as defects in decidual cells, which are precursors of immune cells at the fetal-maternal border. The B7-H4 protein, a regulator of T cell activity, also plays an important role. In addition, some researchers have noted the presence of immune reactions against the Y chromosome of the fetus. Poorly studied mechanisms of spontaneous abortions are defective LIF and CD95/CD95 ligand system.

The combination of the pericardial celomic cyst and the thymus cyst represent a rare group of diseases. Clinical diagnosis of the pericardial and thymus gland formations is complex, as the patient’s symptoms may be non-specific, associated with concomitant pathology. Although a diagnostic examination often begins with chest X-rays, it may not be informative and requires CT and MRI of the thorax to visualize the entire pericardium and thymus. Brief information on the etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases is given; clinical statistics on the frequency of occurrence of thymus cysts and pericardial cysts in different age groups are used as an example. The results of observation and analysis of literary sources have established that thoracoscopic removal of the thymus cyst and tumors is a priority in terms of effective diagnosis and is justified as minimally invasive and efficient surgical treatment in this combination of pathologies.

Bone and joint infections such as osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, etc. are serious medical conditions that require prompt and effective treatment. Without proper intervention, these infections can lead to significant complications, including chronic pain, deformity, loss of function, and even systemic complications such as sepsis. Antibiotic therapy plays a key role in the management of these infections making it possible to prevent serious complications, preserve limb function, reduce treatment costs, and improve clinical outcomes. The article discusses the basic principles and algorithms for antibacterial treatment of infection in the given localization, taking into account modern clinical recommendations and standards of pharmacotherapy. Timely diagnosis and adequate treatment can reduce the risk of complications and improve the prognosis in patients with bone and joint infections. The rational use of antibiotics is also a part of the fight against developing microbial resistance, which is of great importance for public health.

Antibiotic therapy for infectious lesions of the skin and soft tissues requires a careful approach to ensure the effectiveness of treatment and prevent the development of resistance. The article discusses the basic principles and algorithms of antibacterial treatment for skin and soft tissue infections, taking into account modern clinical recommendations and standards of pharmacotherapy. The initial choice of antibiotic is often based on the typical pathogens associated with the infection (most commonly Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes). If MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) or other resistant microorganisms are suspected, they must be taken into account in the choice of initial therapy. After receiving the results of culture studies and determining the sensitivity of microorganisms, therapy should be adjusted. It is essential to maintain the antibiotic concentration at a level sufficient to eliminate the infection and prevent recurrence. The choice of antibiotic should take into account the side effects and possible interactions with other drugs.