In conditions of anthropogenic pressure on ecosystems, nanomaterials (NM) affect the human body not in isolation, but in combination with contaminants of environmental objects. The cumulative effect on organism of harmful factors, which have different mechanism of action and also have different ways of exposure on organism either lead to an increase in the toxic effect (synergism) or, on the contrary, to its weakening (antagonism). An effective safety analysis tool in this case is a risk analysis. All approaches to risk assessment when working with nanoparticles (NP) and NM in both the European Union countries and in the Russian Federation are, in principle, similar and based on the same methods and techniques as for risk assessment when working with substances in Micro- or macro forms (with the exception of nanofibers). However, approaches to the basics of hygienic regulation in the countries of the European Union and in the Russian Federation have certain differences, which are discussed in detail in this article.
The review of references on a problem of influence of hygienic factors on incidence of tuberculosis is presented in article. The complex and simultaneous solution of epidemiological, ecohygienic, clinical, therapeutic, rehabilitation, social and economic, preventive aspects of incidence of tuberculosis is one of priority problems of a phthisiology, perhaps, of all modern medicine. Tuberculosis, the greatest seasonal incidence and mortality is indicated influence of ecological systems on a problem. Some social and hygienic factors of influence on incidence of tuberculosis are opened. The attention is paid to domestic conditions, pollution of the air environment of the apartment. The question of influence of a microclimate on incidence of contact persons in the centers of a tuberculosis infection is opened.
This report presents the analysis of the epidemiological investigation of the course of the disease typhoid fever in the regions of the Kyrgyz Republic from 2010 to 2015. Showing the different prevalence rates of typhoid in the region and identified during the height of the disease severe anemia, with a decrease in red blood cells, hemoglobin in patients. There is a direct correlation of anemia on the severity of the disease, the more severe the disease, the more frequent and severe anemia. However, recovery rates hemogram, significantly lagged behind clinical recovery. The results obtained allowed to establish a definite dependence of peripheral blood changes the severity of typhoid. Severe leukopenia, hypoeosinophilia, lymphopenia, stab shift were in the direct functional relationship to the severity of the disease.
Relevance of a typhoid does not lose the significance despite sporadic cases. It is bound about existence of bacillicarriers among the population. Incidence of salmonellosises and quantity of a carriage of typhus in the territory of the Omsk region is analysed. Data of statistical forms of account from 2003 for 2015 were used. It is revealed that since 2011 incidence of salmonellosises in the Omsk region is less than across Russia. More than 90 % of diseases are caused by a food path of transfer of salmonellas, eggs and eggs dishes make more than a half of cases. In certain cases the disease of salmonellosis was bound to the use of the food bought from individuals. Incidence belly Typhon was not observed since 2003, however in the territory of the region there are registered bacillicarriers of typhus. Incidence in the centers is not revealed. Conclusion. Incidence of salmonellosis in the area decreases since 2011, cases of incidence of a typhoid and paratyphoids is not revealed since 2003. Rigorous account of chronic bacillicarriers of a typhoid and persons, the bound to the municipal sphere is kept. The close check behind circulation of foodstuff is carried out.
The article is devoted to the problem of the negative impact of air transport noise on the living conditions of the population of St. Petersburg. An analysis is made on the degree of noise pollution in the residential area of the city located near Pulkovo Airport and the projection of the flight operations routes at take-off and approach altitudes. An estimation of the dynamics of the impact of aviation noise for a 5-year observation period (2012-2016) based on the data of socio-hygienic monitoring, acoustic measurements, on complaints of the population and in the framework of production control. Conclusions are made about the causes of this problem and the ways to solve it, taking into account the further development of Pulkovo Airport and the harmonization of the city environment of St. Petersburg in accordance with the requirements of sanitary legislation. Some social and hygienic factors of influence on incidence of tuberculosis are opened. The attention is paid to domestic conditions, pollution of the air environment of the apartment. The question of influence of a microclimate on incidence of contact persons in the centers of a tuberculosis infection is opened.
The urgency of the problem of professional visual tension is shown when performing precise operations with small objects. The reasons contributing to the rapid eye fatigue associated with the violation of their accommodative function are considered. A set of preventive measures is suggested, including a thorough professional selection in the process of hiring, related to the performance of precise operations; Carrying out preliminary (upon admission to work) and periodic medical examinations, which allow to identify early changes in the organ of vision; Organization and conduct of industrial gymnastics for the eyes; Temporary transfer to work not related to work activity at close range from the eyes and with small details, and with the development of a persistent spasm of accommodation — a month-long rest for the eyes by drug-induced disconnection of accommodation with the decision to change the type of labor activity.
The article is devoted to the problem of the negative impact of road transport noise on the living conditions of the population of St. Petersburg. An analysis is made of the degree of noise pollution in the residential area of the city, located near highways and streets with heavy traffic. The dynamics of the impact of road noise for a 5-year observation period (2012-2016) is estimated based on the data of socio-hygienic monitoring and acoustic measurements on complaints of the population. Conclusions are made about the causes of this problem and the ways to solve it, taking into account the harmonization of the urban environment of St. Petersburg in accordance with the requirements of sanitary legislation.
