Due to the increase in life expectancy, there is an increase in the number of geriatric patients. Elderly patients with atrial fibrillation have multiple concomitant diseases, which requires special attention. These conditions include a high risk of bleeding/stroke, polypragmasia, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and a tendency to falls. In turn, there is a need for the use of direct oral anticoagulants (POAC). For this reason, there is a need to improve the results of the use of POAC in this group — an increase in the safety of taking the drug and an assessment of drug interactions. The purpose of the work. study of drug interactions of direct oral anticoagulants in elderly patients with AF and CKD on the occurrence of complications. Materials and methods. The study included 503 elderly and senile patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease (CKD), stages C2 — C4. Results. The group included 503 patients (mean age 81.4±7.1 years), of whom 186 were men (37 %) and 317 were women (63 %). CKD C2: 32.6 %, C3a: 37.6 %, C3b: 6.6 %, C4: 23.2 %. Coronary heart disease: 63.8 %, hypertension: 87.8 %, cerebrovascular disease: 60.2 %, CHF: 66 %, obesity: 52 %. Polypragmasia: up to 5 drugs — 6.0 %, 5–10–62.0 %, more than 10–32.0 %. 94 patients (p=0.045) were discontinued due to hemorrhages. «Minor» bleeding: nasal and gingival — 13.3 %, hematomas — 3.8 %, gastrointestinal tract — 0.6 %, ulcer exacerbation — 0.2 %, surgery — 0.4 %. Associations were found between «minor» bleeding and rivaroxaban with metoprolol (p=0.01), mebeverine (p=0.027), vaseline oil (p=0.005), citramone (p=0.004), levofloxacin (p=0.04), tobromycin (p=0.04). Also with dabigatran and mebeverine (p=0.007), glimepiride (p=0.019), verapamil (p=0.019), vinpocetine (p=0.007), tamsulosin (p=0.01). Apixaban is associated with bleeding when administered with saxagliptin (p=0.04) and rosuvastatin (p=0.0037). Conclusions. Complications of ASD occurred in 18.7 % of patients, most often nosebleeds and gingival bleeding. Comorbid conditions (CKD stages 2-3a, obesity) affect the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of POAC. Polypragmasia increases the risk of interactions with other drugs, requiring careful monitoring and correction of therapy. Dabigatran etexilate has a lower safety profile compared to rivaroxaban and apixaban.

Musculoskeletal infections (MSIs) are a global threat, causing disability in 1.71 billion patients and significant economic losses. Key defense mechanisms include bone-derived immune cells (osteoclasts, lymphocytes, macrophages), humoral and cellular immunity (antimicrobial peptides, complement peptides), physicoanatomical barriers (dense bone/cartilage structure, synovial fluid filtration), and the influence of systemic microbiota. Disruption of these barriers (injuries, implants) leads to serious consequences: bacteria (S. aureus, S. pyogenes) cause osteomyelitis and septic arthritis, leading to irreversible bone deformities in children (30–42%) and osteonecrosis and disability in adults; viruses (polio) cause chronic deformities; fungal infections (Candida, Aspergillus) may require amputation. Rising antibiotic resistance (up to 40% of cases) complicates treatment.

ARVI is a general term used for a group of viral respiratory infections (influenza, coronavirus, adenovirus, etc.) that are transmitted via airborne droplets and manifest as fever, catarrhal symptoms, and intoxication. In Russia, more than 30 million cases are registered annually, causing economic damage amounting to over 40 billion rubles. Treatment is primarily symptomatic but antiviral drugs (oseltamivir, zanamivir, etc.) are effective against influenza. Besides directly affecting the respiratory system, these viral infections can exacerbate chronic conditions such as COPD and asthma, leading to complications like otitis, sinusitis, or secondary pneumonia. The highest mortality rates among those affected by ARVI occur in individuals with cardiovascular disease, lung disorders, and diabetes. Modern approaches require physicians to be adept at differentially prescribing antiviral medications (most effective within the first 48 hours of illness), providing symptom relief, and administering antibiotics (only when medically indicated). Vaccination plays an essential role in prevention, with annual coverage exceeding 30% of the population in Russia.

The paper presents the results of a study using a set of physicochemical analysis methods from the State Pharmacopoeia XV of the Russian Federation. The object of the study was the leaves of the common grape, collected in October 2024 during the post-fruit maturation phase in the Moscow Region, Russia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the macrodiagnostic and anatomical diagnostic features of common grape leaves and determine the qualitative composition of the main groups of biologically active substances in the aqueous extract and the quantitative composition for the development of regulatory documentation. The analysis of macrodiagnostic and microdiagnostic features was carried out in accordance with OFS.1.5.1.0003 “Leaves” and OFS.1.5.3.0003.15 “Technique of microscopic and microchemical study of medicinal plant materials and medicinal plants”. Qualitative analysis to identify the main groups of biologically active substances was performed using chemically pure reagents. Quantitative assessment of extractive substances was carried out in accordance with OFS.1.5.3.0006.15 “Determination of the content of extractive substances in medicinal plant materials and medicinal herbal preparations”. The obtained results can form the basis for regulatory documentation characterizing the quality of common grape leaves.

The paper presents the results of the development of a hemostatic gel based on biodegradable polymers for surgical applications, along with its manufacturing technology compliant with Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) standards. The aim of the study: to develop the composition and manufacturing technology of a hemostatic gel based on biodegradable polymers for use in surgical procedures. Materials and methods. The study focused on tranexamic acid compliant with the Russian Pharmacopoeia XV edition monograph FS 2.1.0490 “Tranexamic acid”. During experimental work, we investigated gel preparation technologies using cellulose ethers and Carbopol polymers. Two hemostatic gel formulations were developed based on: (1) pharmacological studies published in scientific literature, and (2) analysis of existing hemostatic agents. The optimal composition was selected through active substance release studies employing Kruvchinsky’s equilibrium dialysis method. The manufacturing process design emphasized full compliance with Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) standards. These requirements formed the methodological foundation for experimental work, ensuring adherence to all necessary quality control protocols and procedures. Results. Two hemostatic gel formulations were developed. To select the optimal composition, active ingredient release was evaluated using Kruvchinsky’s equilibrium dialysis method. A technological production scheme for the hemostatic gel was subsequently designed. Conclusion. The obtained results will be used in further studies on biological models and to optimize the composition of the hemostatic gel.

This study is dedicated to a comprehensive analysis of public procurement of the antibiotic josamycin in Russia for the period 2023-2024. Transparency, openness, and competitiveness are generally accepted principles that must be strictly observed to achieve procurement efficiency, i.e. to save budget funds [1]. The research encompasses an assessment of procurement volume dynamics, regional distribution across federal districts, and changes in the consumption structure of various dosage forms of the drug. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the market share occupied by the originator drug versus generic versions. The study reveals a sharp decline in procurement activity in 2024 and an absolute dominance of the originator brand. The work underscores the importance of the obtained results for planning budgetary expenditures and ensuring the accessibility of drug therapy within the healthcare system. The analysis utilized data from the Unified Information System of public procurement in the Russian Federation (EIS).

This paper presents the results of assessing the volume of linezolid consumption by dosage form for oral and parenteral use for the period from 2019 to 2024.

The article examines the dynamics of the Russian budget market for triple fixed-dose combinations used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchial asthma (BA) over the period from 2020 to 2025. It describes the main combinations available on the market. The analysis demonstrates a steady increase in sales volume and gradual growth in the share of new drugs. The study highlights the significance of these medications as universal tools in treating broncho-obstructive syndromes and identifies prospects for further expansion of their employment in clinical practice.

The presented work is devoted to the study of the real clinical practice of prescribing hypoglycemic oral medications to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a hospital setting and subsequent transition to an outpatient stage of therapy. The main focus is on compliance with the recommendations for dosing medications based on the condition of the excretory organs (especially the kidneys). Additionally, the cost of similar medications from different manufacturers was evaluated in two popular pharmacy chains (Family Pharmacy Aprel and the online platform Apteka.ru), which allows for choosing the optimal medication based on the price-quality ratio, minimizing the financial burden on patients.