To this day, the proper production of medicines according to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) largely depends on the professional training of pharmaceutical production staff. This article describes approaches to the selection and training of employees of pharmaceutical enterprises and methods for evaluating staff knowledge.

Remdesivir is a widely used drug for etiotropic therapy of COVID-19. The incidence of adverse reactions during remdesivir therapy, according to a number of studies, is about 60%. The most common adverse reaction is an increase in liver tests, the incidence of which reaches 42%. The aim of the study was to study the effect of pharmacogenetic factors on the development of drug-induced liver damage during remdesivir therapy in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

One of the pressing problems of modern healthcare systems is the growing number of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms. In the Republic of Belarus, according to an analytical review by the World Health Organization, the proportion of invasive carbapenem-resistant K. pneumonia isolates in 2021 was more than 50 %. There is also a significant level of E. coli resistance: in 2017, its level was 70.4 %, in 2021 year — 69.2 % [1]. Recognizing the problem of antibiotic resistance is the first step towards developing effective antibiotic therapy management programs. Currently, in the Republic of Belarus, the regulation of antibiotic resistance is regulated by regulations issued in the period from 2012 to 2015. In 2012, Order No. 292 «On approval of instructions on the procedure for monitoring the resistance of clinically significant microorganisms to antibacterial drugs in healthcare organizations» was introduced. It should be noted that over the past period, international recommendations on the interpretation of microbiological data have repeatedly changed, the level of resistance of microorganisms according to national epidemiological data does not show a significant decrease, and, accordingly, the development of new original approaches to combating antibiotic resistance is relevant. Currently, the republic has a limited number of local publicly available non-surveillance data reflecting the spread of resistant strains. This fact does not allow us to form a common understanding of the existing problem. On the other hand, the widespread use of resistant flora should change approaches to pharmacotherapy with a shift in the intensity of drugs used towards the reserve group. That is, even in the absence of comprehensive epidemiological data, a pharmacoepidemiological study with an emphasis on the use of antibacterial drugs makes it possible to assess the scale of the burden of antibiotic resistance and identify possible measures of impact in the health system as a whole and at the level of the health organization. The purpose of the study: to determine the place of pharmacoeconomic and pharmacoepidemiological analyses in the development of antibiotic therapy management programs in multidisciplinary hospital organizations.

Every year, a huge number of medicines are prescribed and used all over the world. In 2023, the global pharmaceutical market amounted to 1.6 trillion US dollars, for comparison, in 2013, global pharmaceutical revenue amounted to 994 billion US dollars [1]. The volume of the pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation in 2023 amounted to 2,573 billion rubles, for comparison in 2013 this figure was 1,122 billion rubles [2]. Up to 50% of purchased medicines remain unused and end up in the environment as a result of improper disposal, which can have dangerous consequences [3].

The search for new alternative molecules to antibiotics has led to natural antimicrobial peptides (PAP), which are found in all living organisms such as bacteria, fungi, plants and animals, they form their first line of defense of innate immunity. The main mechanism of antimicrobial action of the peptide is the destruction of the cell membrane. This action is mediated by hydrophobic amino acids and a cationic charge, which facilitate the binding of the peptide to the cell membrane of microorganisms (consisting of anionic lipids — phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin). After attachment to the cell membrane, the peptide forms pores that ensure the outflow of anions through the membrane, which leads to depolarization of the membrane and, thus, kills bacteria. In contrast, peptides have a low affinity for the mammalian cell membrane, which is rich in electrically neutral phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin). Non-membrane mechanisms of antibacterial action have also been described for some peptides, including penetration into a bacterial cell after binding to cell surface receptors. Inside the cell, peptides inhibit critical cell functions such as DNA replication, protein synthesis and folding, protease activity, cell division, and cellular metabolism. Natural antimicrobial peptides may have some undesirable characteristics, such as instability due to degradation by host proteases, hemolytic activity, and toxicity to humans. The creation of synthetic peptides from amino acid sequences of a natural antimicrobial peptide has two goals: 1) Extract antimicrobial activity; 2) exclude the peptide from this particular sequence: toxicity and low resistance to proteolysis. An innovative short cationic peptidomimetic, CAMP-1, has been synthesized in the SCFB laboratory, requiring further study. The purpose of the study: to study the antimicrobial activity and toxic properties of peptidomimetic CAMP-1.

Pumpkin seed oil, which contains a large amount of biologically active substances, is a valuable product of natural origin. The pronounced activity of carotenoids in pumpkin oil allows us to consider them as the main active substances (in a mild dosage form) that have a wound-healing effect. Oleogel is a promising mild dosage form for vegetable oils, as it has a number of significant advantages over ointments or creams. The optimal thickener for vegetable oils is aerosil, which makes it possible to obtain stable oleogels with good rheological characteristics. Purpose of the work: to summarize the available literature data on the possibilities of developing soft dosage forms based on pumpkin seed oil. Material and methods. We conducted a literary review of scientific papers for the last 20 years, using the resources of the eLibrary search engine, using the keywords listed below. For this meta-analysis, we used articles containing an evidence base on the most up-todate issues related to the external use of pumpkin oil and the possibility of developing mild dosage forms based on it. Results. Pumpkin seed oil has a pronounced reparative effect, proven by numerous experiments. The optimal mild dosage form for vegetable oils is oleogel. The creation of oleogel based on pumpkin oil has good prospects for expanding the range of herbal medicines with wound healing effects. Conclusion. As a result of the conducted research of literary sources, we came to the conclusion that it is promising to develop an oleogel containing a fatty oil from pumpkin seeds, registered in the Russian Federation under the name Pumpkin oil.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a serious problem in In Russia, accounting for about 46% of the total mortality from chronic diseases. Achieving the target LDL level plays a significant role in reducing cardiovascular mortality, which is especially important in acute coronary events. However, despite the existing clinical recommendations, the use of statins, especially in the recommended high doses, is still limited. This may hinder the achievement of LDL targets.

Every day, 200 to 250 patients are admitted to the hospital's emergency department for emergency indications, of which 80 to 100 patients are hospitalized. According to the National Statistical Committee, for the period 2020 to 2023, infectious diseases are in third place [1]. This raises the question of the rationality of spending medicines and the economic costs of the hospital [2, 3]. Calculating the cost of medicines to optimize the costs of the republican clinical infectious diseases hospital.

Inpatient treatment of patients with cardiology / cardiac surgery may be accompanied by blood loss, requiring the use of hemostatic agents and / or blood components. The calculation of hospital needs is complicated by the relative unpredictability of the frequency and severity of complications, while the hospital is forced to maintain a reserve of these drugs at a certain level. In order to avoid a shortage or overabundance of medicines and blood components with a limited shelf life, it is necessary to calculate the optimal need of the institution for these funds. The aim of the study was to evaluate the pharmacoepidemiology and consumption patterns of hemostatic agents and blood components in a multidisciplinary cardiology hospital.