The periodic law is the foundation without which there is no understanding of radioactivity. Despite the fact that in 1840 Peligo managed to obtain a simple substance uranium — a heavy metal of gray-steel color — and approximately determine its atomic weight. Only 34 years later, in 1874, D.I. Mendeleev, relying on the periodic system developed by him, for the first time determined most accurately the atomic weight of uranium. Mendeleev's scientific ideas and foresight contributed to the discovery of polonium and radium by Marie and Pierre Curie. In 1899 in one of the letters to Mendeleev, Jozef Bogusky, in particular, reported: “My sister Mrs. Curie-Sklodowska discovered two new elements: radium and polonium. In 1902 Mendeleev met Marie Curie in Paris. Together they visited Becquerel's laboratory. The visit to Becquerel's laboratory had profound consequences and led Mendeleev to revise his views on the phenomenon of radioactivity. In 1902, Mendeleev published one of his most original works, “An Attempt at a Chemical Understanding of the World Aether”. In it Mendeleev for the first time in his publications pays attention to the phenomenon of radioactivity, and tries to connect it with the world ether. In 1905, Mendeleev presented his views on radioactivity in the 8th edition of Fundamentals of Chemistry. The chapter “Radioactive Substances” contains a detailed description of the properties of radioactive radiations, talks about the discovery of “special radioactive elements”. Here Mendeleev prophetically reported: “The study of uranium, starting from its natural sources, will lead to many more discoveries, I boldly recommend those who are looking for subjects for new research, especially carefully engaged in uranium compounds.” A teacher's success is in his students. Vernadsky and Khlopin laid a strong foundation in the development of the uranium project. This year, the Khlopin Radium Institute celebrates its 105th anniversary. Khlopin celebrates its 105th anniversary, the first Russian Department of Radiochemistry is 80 years old, and V.G.Khlopin celebrates his 135th birthday.